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| aZdnsâ PohnXIYþ1 kvtImt]ybnse s]¬Ip«n |
kzÀKw Hcp§pIbmWv. aZÀ sXtck hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v.
BImi¯nsâ \oe¡cIÄ shÅntaL§Äs¡m¸w
hnip²nbpsS tNe Xp¶m³ C\n HcmgvN. Ncn{Xw C´ybpsS
a®ns\ Npw_n¡p¶p. aZÀ sXtckbpsS PohnXw
C¶papX k¬tU Zo]nIbn hmbn¡mw. ]cnlmk§fpsSbpw FXnÀ¸nsâbpw sXcphneqsS ]pgphcn¡p¶ a\pjys\
tXmfnte´n kz´w `h\¯nte¡p \S¶ A½bpsS
IcpWbpsS IY. FgpXp¶Xv
Zo]nI \yqkv FUnäÀ tPm¬ BâWn. sImtkmthmbnse Iem]`qanbnÂ\n¶v XpS§pIbmWv hmb\¡mcpsS PohnXs¯ amänadn¡m\ncn¡p¶ CXnlmkw...
Xsâ Ipªp¶mfn \m«n \S¶ncp¶ càs¨mcn¨nepIsf¡pdn¨v BKv\kn\p tI«dnhp am{Xta DWvSmbncp¶pÅq. AÂt_\nbbn F¶pthWvS sImtkmthm {]hniybn¯s¶bmIs«, kvtImt]y \Kc¯nepw {]m´§fnÂt¸mepamIs«, \S¡p¶ kw`h§Ä, Ah F{X Xpf¨pIbdp¶Xmbmepw ctWvSm aqt¶m hbkpÅ Hcp Ip«nsb F§s\ kv]Àin¡m³?
XpÀ¡nbn `cWw ]nSns¨Sp¯ncp¶ bphXpÀ¡nIfmWp sImtkmthmbn 1910þ Iq«s¡me \S¯nbXv. Hmt«ma³ km{amPy¯ns\XntcbpÅ t]mcm«¯n AÂt_\nb¡mcpsS ]n´pW hm§nbt¸mÄ AhÀ¡p bphXpÀ¡nIÄ sImSp¯ Dd¸v AÂt_\nbbv¡p `mKnIamsb¦nepw kzbw`cWw \evImsa¶mbncp¶p. A[nImc¯n h¶t¸mÄ bphXpÀ¡nIÄ B hmKvZm\samcp ]cnlmk¨ncnsImWvSp Xncp¯n. am{Xaà AÂt_\nb¡mcpsSta `mcn¨ \nIpXnIÄ Npa¯pIbpw sNbvXp. CXns\Xntc sImtkmthmbn Iem]w \odn¸nSn¨t¸mÄ Ccp]Xn\mbncw ]«mf¡mcmWp Iem]w XÃns¡Sp¯m³ F¯nbXv. ]«mfw {Kma§Ä CSn¨p\nc¯n. {Kma]mXIfneqsS sImtkmthm¡mcpsS cà¨mepIÄ \oWvSp. At\Iwt]sc s]mXpØe§fn sI«nbn«p Nm«hmdpsImWvSSn¨v ]«mf¡mcpsS ImbnItijntbm sImtkmh¡mcpsS kl\iàntbm hepXv F¶p ]co£n¨p.
XmaknbmsX Hmt«ma³ ssk\yw \nb{´Ww XncnsI¸nSns¨¦nepw AÂt_\nbbn shfn¨w hoWnÃ. AÂt_\nbbpsS \nXyi{Xphmb skÀ_nb DÄs¸sSbpÅ _mÄ¡³ cmPy§Ä H¯ptNÀ¶v Hmt«ma³ km{amPyXz¯nsâ PoÀWn¨ tIm« adn¡phm³ bp²w XpS§nbt¸mÄ AÂt_\nbbv¡v Hmt«ma³ ssk\yt¯msSm¸w \nÂt¡WvSnh¶p. hbkpsN¶ ISphbpsS AhØbnembncp¶ Hmt«ma³ iànsb IgpX¸pen¸äs¯t¸mse _mÄ¡³ cmPy§Ä B{Ian¨p. skÀ_nb AÂt_\nbsb sh«n¸nSn¡psa¶p `b¶ A¶s¯ h³iàn Hmkv{Snb AXp XSbm³ AÂt_\nbbv¡p kzmX{´yw {]Jym]n¨p.
\nÀ`mKyw AÃmsX´v, kzmX{´yw {]Jym]n¡s¸« AÂt_\nbbn sImtkmthmbpw AXnsâ `mKamb kvtImt]ybpw DÄs¸«ncp¶nÃ. sImtkmthmsb¦nepw In«nsb¶ Bizmk¯n skÀ_nb \nizkn¡pt¼mgmWv, 75 iXam\w ss{IkvXh P\kwJybpÅ sImtkmthm {]tZi§Ä AÂt_\nbbn tNÀ¡m³ Hmkv{Snb DÄs¸sSbpÅ h³iànIÄ BtemNn¡p¶Xmbn A`ypl k©mcapWvSmbXv.
skÀ_nbbv¡p kln¨nÃ. F¶m {]iv\¯n\p ]cnlmcw AhÀ¡p ap¶n s]s«¶p sXfnªp. ss{IkvXhÀ¡p `qcn]£apsWvS¦netà {]iv\apÅq? apkvenwIÄ¡p `qcn]£apÅ AÂt_\nbbn ss{IkvXhÀ sNdp\yq\]£amWv. B \yq\]£¯n\pÅnse \yq\]£amWp It¯men¡À. F¶m It¯men¡cn an¡hcpw sa¨s¸« km¼¯nItijnbpÅhcmWv. AXpsImWvSv AhtcmSpÅ Akqb [mcmfwt]sc ISn¡p¶pWvSmbncp¶p. ss{IkvXhsc sIms¶mSp¡n AhcpsS `qcn]£w CÃmXm¡pIsb¶ Dt·jIcamb amÀKamWp skÀ_nb kzoIcn¨Xv. _emÕwKw, sImÅ F¶nh IqSnt¨À¯p skÀ_nb³ ]«mfw AXp hfsc DÃmkIcam¡n. `À¯mhnsâ ap¶n `mcysb Iq«_emÕwKw sN¿pI, s]¬a¡sf FhnsS Hfn¸n¨ncn¡p¶psh¶p shfns¸Sp¯p¶Xphsc IpSpw_\mYs\ NX¨psImWvSncn¡pI F¶nhsbms¡ \à hnt\mZ§fmbncp¶p.
HcpkwLw bphm¡sf skÀ_v ]«mfw hWvSnbn Ibäm³ XpS§pt¼mgmWv, ASps¯mcp aXn IWvSXv. aXnen\Sp¯p t]mbn aq{Xsamgn¨n«p aXn bm{Xsb¶p ]«mfw AhtcmSp ]dªp. AhÀ aq{Xsamgn¨psImWvSncnt¡ ]n¶n \nc¶p\n¶p \ndsbmgn¨n«p ]«mfw hml\¯n Ibdn ]pXnb IfnØew tXSnt¸mbn. Nnet¸mÄ ]«mf¯n\p shSnbpWvS XnIbmsX hcpw, kzm`mhnIw. {]iv\anÃ, Ip«nIsf sImÃm³ tXm¡nsâ _bWäv DWvStÃm. H¶sæn cWvSp Ip¯p aXnbmhpw. apXnÀ¶hcpsS Xe tXm¡nsâ ]m¯nsImWvSv ASn¨ps]m«n¨tijw \Znbnte¡p \o«nsbdnªm hymbmahpambn.
Chsb¡mÄ skÀ_v ]«mfs¯ ckn¸n¨ncp¶ asämcp coXnbpWvSv. BfpIsf ssIIÄ cWvSp hit¯¡m¡n ac§fn sI«n¯q¡pI. shSnbpWvS BhiyanÃ, Ffp¸¯n acn¡psa¶ tZmjhpanÃ. Nnet¸mÄ Znhk§sfSp¡pw acn¡m³. H¶pcWvShkc¯n AÂt_\nb¡mÀ Xncn¨Sn¨p. ]t£ AXn\p ISp¯ in£ In«n. 1912 HIvtSm_dn {]nÌo\bn Hcp ZnhkwsImWvSv A¿mbncw AÂt_\nb¡msc skÀ_v tk\ sIm¶p. acWkwJy IW¡m¡p¶Xnsâ Ffp¸¯n\pthWvSn ]¯pt]sc hoXw Iq«ns¡«n b{´t¯m¡psImWvSv Hmtcm sI«ns\bpw hIhcp¯pIbmWp sNbvXXv.
1910 HmKÌv 26þ\p P\n¨ BKv\kn\v A¶p cWvSp hbkv. s_mbmPnbp IpSpw_¯nse Gähpw Cfb AwKamb AhÄ Npäp]mSpw \S¡p¶sXm¶pw AdnbmsX ]n¨h¨p. aq¶p hbkp IqSpXepÅ tPyjvT³ emkdpw H¶pw Adnbp¶pWvSmbncp¶ncn¡nÃ. emkdns\¡mÄ aq¶p hbkp aq¸pÅ tN¨n BtK Hcp]t£ NnesXms¡ tI«n«pWvSmhpw. AhcpsS ]nXmhv \nt¡mf s_mbmPnbphn\pw A½ {Um\m^nen\pw H¶pw AdnbmXncn¡m³ Ignbpambncp¶nÃ. tImÄ F¶p hnfnt¸cpÅ \nt¡mfbmIs« AÂt_\nb³ tZiobhmZnIfpambn hfsc ASp¸hpw klIcWhpapÅ Bfmbncp¶p.
kvtImt]ybn kwLÀj§fpw Gäpap«epIfpw ]Xnhmbncps¶¦nepw s_mbmPnbp IpSpw_w Xmakn¨ncp¶ {]tZiw im´ambncp¶p. ]ÀhX {]m´¯nepÅ AhnsS hntZi ]«mf¯n\v F¯nt¨cpI Aev]w hnjaIcambncp¶psh¶Xmhmw ImcWw. sI«nS\nÀamWw, ^mÀakn, hntZihmWnPyw C§s\ ]e sXmgnepIfn GÀs¸«p tImÄ s_mbmPnbp sa¨s¸« hcpam\w DWvSm¡p¶pWvSmbncp¶p. CSbv¡nsS sXmgnepambn _Ôs¸«p hntZibm{XIÄ \S¯pw. CuPn]vXnepw aäpapÅ AÂt_\nb³ hwiPsc \m«nse ØnXnKXnIÄ Adnbn¡pIbpw AÂt_\nb³ tZiob {]Øm\¯n\v AhcpsS ]n´pW t\SpIbpw sN¿pIsb¶Xpw B bm{XIfpsS Dt±iyambncp¶p.
GXmbmepw tImÄ Hcp hntZibm{X Ignªph¶m IpSpw_mwK§Ä¡p am{Xaà \m«pImÀ¡pw At±l¯nÂ\n¶p ]eXpw tIÄ¡m\pWvSmIpw. Zm\ioe\mb At±l¯nsâ k½m\§Ä kzoIcn¡ms\¯p¶hcpapWvSmIpw Iq«¯nÂ. Nnet¸mÄ k½m\§Ä hnXcWw sNbvXpIgnbpt¼mÄ a¡Ä¡p sImSp¡m³ H¶pw tijn¡nÃ. F¦nepw aäpÅhÀ¡p sImSp¡p¶Xnsâ kwXr]vXnbnembncn¡pw s_mbmPnbp IpSpw_w. A§s\ kwXr]vXnsImÅm³ tImÄ Xsâ IpSpw_s¯ ]Tn¸n¨ncp¶p.
`mcy {Um\sbþ{Um\m^nens\ A§s\bmWp hnfn¡pIþtImÄ AXp ]Tn¸nt¡WvS BhiyanÃmbncp¶p. tImfns\¡mÄ Zm\ioehpw ssZh`ànbpw {Um\bv¡p ]tWvS DWvSmbncp¶p. {Um\bnÂ\n¶p ]IÀ¶XmtWm tImfn\v B kz`mhhntij§Ä F¶p kwibn¡Ww. GXmbmepw Ip«nIsf an¡hmdpw FÃm Znhkhpw ]peÀ¨bv¡p ]Ånbn sImWvSpt]mIpIbpw kabw In«pt¼msgms¡ sIm´ F¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXncp¶ {Um\ hoSn\Sp¯pÅ ]mh§sf klmbn¡p¶Xnepw DÕmlhXnbmbncp¶p. Ipsdsbms¡ AIsebpÅ ]mhs¸« hoSpIfn {Um\ `£Ws¸mXnbpambn t]mIpt¼mÄ A\pKan¡p¶Xv CfbaIÄ BKv\kmbncp¶p.
]mXtbmc§fnse ]q¡Ä ]dn¨pw ]£nItfmSp hntijw tNmZn¨psams¡bmWv BKv\knsâ bm{X. GXp ]qsam«ns\ IWvSn«mWv A½ X\n¡p sKm¬P F¶p t]cn«sX¶v BKv\kv tNmZn¨p. ]qsam«v F¶mWtÃm sKm¬P F¶Xnsâ AÀYw. `""sKm¬Pm, FÃm ]qsam«pIfpw kpµcamWv. kzÀKØ\mb ]nXmhv AWnbns¨mcp¡nbhbmWv AhsbÃmw. Hmtcm¶ns\bpw Hmtcm hn[¯n AWnbns¨mcp¡nbncn¡p¶p F¶pam{Xw. \½psS ho«nte¡p ssZhw AWnbns¨mcp¡n Ab¨ ]qhmWp \osb¶p R§Ä¡p tXm¶n. AXpsImWvSmWp \n\¡p sKm¬P F¶p t]cn«Xv.''’ “""At¸mÄ kzÀK¯nse ]nXmhv Fs¶ hnfn¡p¶Xv BKv\kv Ft¶m sKm¬P Ft¶m?''” “""Hcp]t£ asämcp t]cmhpw. temI¯p P\n¨hcpw C\n P\n¡p¶hcpamb FÃmhÀ¡pw Hmtcm t]cv X¼pcm³ C«n«pWvSmhpw. HcmfpsS t]cv asämcmÄ¡pWvSmhnÃ; HcmfpsS cq]w asämcmÄ¡nÃm¯Xpt]mse. Hmtcmcp¯scbpw X¼pcm³ Adnbp¶p, A½ Xsâ Ipªns\sb¶h®w. Hmtcmcp¯scbpw X¼pcm³ HmÀ¯ncn¡p¶p, Ime¯nsâ Ahkm\whsc. Hmtcmcp¯À¡pwthWvSn X¼pcm³ IcpXp¶p, Ime¯nsâ Bcw`w apXÂ.”
1914þ H¶mw temIbp²w XpS§nbt¸mÄ skÀ_v ssk\y¯n\p tNmc¡fn¡pthsd thZn In«nbtXmsSbmWv AÂt_\nbbn AhcpsS {IoU Ahkm\n¨Xv. ]t£ At¸mÄ _ÄtKdnb AÂt_\nbbpsS ]e `mK§fpw sh«n¸nSn¡m³ XpS§n. F¶m AhcpsS B{IaW§fpsSbpw temIbp²¯nsâbpw AántKmf§Ä XobWªv s]mÅp¶ IjW§Ä am{XambmWp kvtImt]ybn hoWXv. AXpsImWvSp s_mbmPnbp IpSpw_¯nse A\pZn\ Imcy§Ät¡m Ip«nIfpsS hnZym`ymk¯nt\m ]ÅnbpambpÅ _Ô¯nt\m apS¡apWvSmbnÃ.
bYmÀY¯nÂ, temIbp²w 1918þ Ahkm\n¨t¸mgmWp kvtImt]yhmknIÄ {]XnkÔnbnembXv. kvtImt]y DÄs¸Sp¶ sImtkmthm {]hniysb AÂt_\nbbnÂ\n¶v ASÀ¯n skÀ_v, t{Im«v, kvsfmho³ F¶o hÀK§Ä DÄs¸Sp¶ ]pXnsbmcp s^Utdj\n (Cu s^Utdj\mWv 1929þ bptKmÉmhy Bbn¯oÀ¶Xv) tNÀ¯psImWvSpÅ h³iànIfpsSbpw skÀ_pIfpsSbpw Xocpam\w sImtkmthm¡mÀ¡p kzoIcn¡mhp¶Xmbncp¶nÃ. sImtkmthmbn Iq«s¡me \S¯pIbpw ImÂe£t¯mfw t]sc XShnem¡pIbpw sNbvX skÀ_pIfpambn tNÀs¶mcp s^Utdj³ sImtkmthm¡mÀ¡p k¦ev]n¡mhp¶Xmbncp¶nÃ.
s^Utdj\n sImtkmthm tNcp¶Xns\ \JinJm´w FXnÀ¡p¶bmfmbncp¶p tImÄ s_mbmPnbp. Cu hnjbw kw_Ôn¨p s_Ât{KUn NÀ¨ Xocpam\n¨t¸mÄ kvtImt]yhmknIÄ AXnte¡p X§fpsS {]Xn\n[nbmbn Ab¨Xp tImfns\bmWv. aq¶p \mep Znhk¯n\ptijw Cämenb³ tIm¬kensâ hml\¯n tImÄ aS§nsb¯pt¼mÄ At±lw AXymk¶\nebnembncp¶p. aq¡neqsS càw hcp¶pWvSmbncp¶p. s]s«¶pWvSmb AkpJamWv, t]Sn¡ms\m¶pansöp tIm¬kepw aäppw ]dsª¦nepw Imcyw KpcpXcamsW¶p {Um\bv¡p a\knembn. {Um\ DSt\ sNbvXXv `À¯mhn\v A´yIqZmi \ÂIm³ sshZnIs\ hnfn¡m³ CfbaIsf ]Ånbnte¡p ]dªbbv¡pIbmWv. Bhp¶{X thK¯n HmSn ]Ånbnse¯nb Bákn\v AhsS A¨s\ ImWm\mbnÃ. thsd FhnsSt¸mbm Hcp sshZnIs\ In«psa¶v BKv\kn\v AdnhpWvSmbncp¶nÃ. sshZnI\nÃmsX ho«nte¡p t]mInÃ. s]vs«s¶mcp tXm¶en B H¼XpImcn HmSnbXp kvtImt]y sdbnÂth tÌj\nte¡mWv. AhnsS XohWvSn Im¯p\n¶hcpsS CSbnÂ, Bizmkw, Hcp sshZnIs\ AhÄ IsWvS¯n.
acWmk¶\mb ]nXmhn\v A´yIqZmi \ÂIWsa¶ A]cnNnXbmb B _menIbpsS At]£ sshZnI³ \ncmIcn¨nÃ. kz´w ]cn]mSn amänh¨psImWvSv At±lw Báknt\msSm¸w ]pds¸«p. AhfpsS ho«nse¯n \m¸¯©pImc\mb tImfn\p tcmKote]\w \ÂIn At±lw aS§n. B sshZnI³ Bsct¶m GXp \m«pImcs\t¶m AhnsSbmÀ¡pw Adnbpambncp¶nÃ. At¸mįs¶ tImfns\ Bip]{Xnbn {]thin¸n¨p. ISp¯ hnjw DÅn sN¶n«psWvS¶ \nKa\¯nemWp tUmÎÀamÀ F¯nbXv. tImfn\p iàcmb cmjvv{Sob {]XntbmKnIÄ DsWvS¶Xpw s_Ât{KUv kt½f\¯n Xo{hamb AJÞ AÂt_\nbm hmZw FXncmfnIsf {]tIm]n¸n¡msa¶v AhntS¡p ]pds¸Sp¶Xn\p ap¼pXs¶ At±l¯n\v Adnbmambncp¶psh¶Xpw {Um\ HmÀ¯p. ]ntäZnhkw tImÄ s_mbmPnbp acn¨p.
henb P\mhenbmWp kwkvImc¨S§n kw_Ôn¨Xv. kvtImt]ybnse ISIÄ A¶p lÀ¯m BNcn¨p. tImfnsâ acWt¯msS s_mbmPnbp IpSpw_¯nsâ DÃmk§Ä Ahkm\ns¨¶p ]dbmw. B IpSpw_hpambn _Ôs¸«ncp¶ {]apJscm¶pw AhntS¡p Xncnªpt\m¡mXmbn. hcpam\amÀK§Ä ASªtXmsS IpSpw_¯nsâ A\pZn\ Imcy§Ä t]mepw apS§n. `àImcy§fnsemgnsI H¶nepw {Um\bv¡v DÕmlanÃmXmbn. aq¯ aIÄ BtKbmWp ho«pImcy§Ä an¡Xpw GsäSp¯p \S¯nbXv. ]WvSpXs¶ Aev]w Kuch¡mcnbmbncp¶ Bákv A¡mcy¯n Hcp ¢mkv IqSn Ibdn.
A[ymbw H¶v,
(XpScpw)
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