ഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം പ്രധാനം
knhn kÀhokv {]nenan\-dn ]co£bv¡v ASp-¯-Imew hsc IqSp-X tNmZy-§Ä `qan-im-kv{X-¯n \n¶p-amWv tNmZn-¨p-h-¶n-cp-¶Xv. F³kn-C-BÀSn, kn_n-F-kvC, sFkn-F-kvC F¶n-h-cpsS F«p- ap-X ]{´-WvSmw- ¢m-kp- h-sc-bpÅ `qan-imkv{X ]pkvX-I-§Ä, kptc-µÀknw-Knsâ tPym{K^n F¶n-hbpw hmbn-¨n-cn-¡Ww. `qan-bpsS DÛ-hhpw, A´-co£w, km¼-¯nI `qan-imkv{Xw, Imem-hØ, a®v, \Zn-IÄ, `qan-bpsS Ne\w, kuc-bqYw AXn \n¶pw ]pd-¯m-¡-s¸« ¹qt«m, kap-{Z-K-th-j-W-§Ä F¶n-h-sb-¡p-dn¨pw ]co-£mÀYn \¶mbn a\-kn-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡Ww.

\½psS cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m\w, `c-W-L-S\, tImSXn, tZio-b-Km\w, Nnlv\w, Ie-WvSÀ, arKw, ]£n, ]pjv]w, acw, DZym-\-§Ä, ImbnIw, tZiob _lp-a-Xn-IÄ, hnhn-[-`mjm kwØm-\-§Ä, ]mÀe-saâ,v {]kn-Uâv, kwØm\ kÀ¡m-cp-IÄ, tI{µ `cW {]tZ-i-§Ä, s^U-d-enkw, tI{µ kwØm\ _Ô-§Ä, s]mXp-\bw, \b-cq-]o-I-cWw, sXc-sª-Sp¸v kwhn-[m\w, kzmX{´y I½o-j-\p-IÄ F¶o Imcy-§-sf-¡p-dn¨v hne-bn-cp¯n ]Tn-¡Ww. e£vao-Im-´nsâ C´y³ t]mfnkn, ]»nIv AUvan-\n-kvt{S-j³, ]n.Fw. _£n, Un.Un. _kp F¶n-h-cpsS tIm¬Ìn-äyq-j³ Hm^v C´y, e£vao-Im-´nsâ KhÀW³kv Hm^v C´y, Fkv.Un. Iiy-]nsâ HuhÀ tIm¬Ìn-äyq-j³, Fw.hn. kwKnsâ C´y³ s^U-d-enkw, _n.sI. iÀ½-bpsS C´y³ tIm¬Ìn-äyq-j³, ]{X-hmÀ¯-IÄ, dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ FÃmw \½psS cmjv{Sob kwhn-[m-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v ]Tn-¡m³ DX-Ip¶ ]pkvX-I-§-fmWv.

km¼-¯nI kmaq-ly-hn-I-k\w BWv ASp¯ {][m-\-s¸« taJe. C¶v hnI-k-\-¯nsâ Ime-amWv. FÃm cmjv{Sob {]Øm-\-§fpw Du¶Â sImSp-¡p-¶Xv hnI-k-\-¯n-\mWv. kpØnc hnI-k\w, Irjn hyh-kmbw, tkh-\-ta-Je, kmaq-ly-km-¼-¯nI kpc-£m-]-²-Xn-IÄ, C´y³ k¼-ZvL-S\, kzmX-{´y-¯nsâ ap¼pw tijhpw, ImÀjnI taJ-e-bnse \qX-\-amb kwcw-`-§Ä, DÂ]m-Z-\hpw DÂ]m-Z-\-£-a-Xbpw FÃmw ]T-\-hn-j-b-§-fmWv. F³kn-C-BÀSn ]pkvX-I-§Ä an{i B³Uv ]pcn-bpsS C´y³ Ct¡m-Wan 2016 C¡-tWm-anIvkv kÀth tbmP\, tI{µ kwØm\ _P-äp-IÄ, Ipc-pt£{X XpS-§nb amK-kn-\p-IÄ, _nkn-\kv sse³, C¡-tWm-anIvkv ssSwkv, ctajv knwKnsâ C´y³ Ct¡m-Wan XpS-§nb ]pkvX-I-§Ä \nÀ_-Ô-ambpw hmbn-¨n-cn-¡Ww.

C´y-bpsS `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ss]XrIw, ]cn-ØnXn, Ct¡m-fPn, ssPh- sshhn[yw, Imem-hØm hyXn-bm\w, temI -]-cn-ØnXn {]iv\-§Ä BtKm-f-Xm-]\w XpS-§nb Imcy-§-fmWv ASp¯ taJe.
C´y³ t^mdÌv kÀho-knsâ {]nen-an-\dn ]co-£bpw, C´y³ AUvan-\n-kvt{S-äohv kÀho-knsâ {]nen-an-\dn ]co-£bpw H¶p-X-s¶-bm-b-Xp-sIm-WvSmhpw 2011\p tijw {]nen-an-\dn ]co-£bv¡v Ct¡m-fPn taJ-e-bn \n¶pw IqSp-X tNmZy-§Ä tNmZn-¨p-h-cp-¶Xv. AXp-sImWvSv Bg-¯n-epÅ ]T\w ]cn-ØnXn taJ-e-bn Hgn-hm-¡m³ ]mSp-Å-XÃ. hnhn[ BtKmf kt½-f-\-§-fpsS dnt¸mÀ«p-IÄ, Uu¬ Sp FÀ¯v XpS-§nb amkn-I-IÄ Cu taJ-e-bnse ]T-\-¯n\v {]tbm-P-\-s¸Spw.imkv{X taJ-e-bmWv Bdm-a-t¯Xv. imkv{Xw F¶v s]mXp-hn ]d-ªn-«p-sWvS-¦nepw kb³kv B³Uv sSIvt\m-fPn ^nknIvkv, sIankv{Sn, sse^v kb³kv, Pntbm-fPn, kvt]bvkv kb³kv F¶o hn`m-K-§-fnse ]T\w Bh-iy-amWv. Smäm amIv{Kn-ensâ ^nknIvkv t^mÀ sFsF-Sn, sIankv{Sn t^mÀ sFsFSn, _n. Ipam-dnsâ _tbm-fPn t^mÀ saUn-¡Â tImfPv FIvkm-an-t\-j³kv, ]¯v, ]Xn-s\m¶v, ]{´WvSv ¢mkp-I-fnse F³kn-C-BÀSn ]pkvX-I-§Ä Hs¡ Cu taJ-e-bnse ]T-\-¯n\v klm-b-I-amIpw.

kokmäv

{]nen-an-\dn ]co-£-bnse cWvSmw ]Ip-Xn-bmWv knhn kÀhokv B]vSn-äyqUv sSÌv (kokmäv) F¶v s]mXpsh Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶Xv. Ign-ª- hÀjw apX CXv Izmfn-s^-bnwKv t]¸-dmWv. AXm-bXv 200 amÀ¡n 33 iX-am-\-sa-¦nepw amÀ¡v Ic-Ø-am-¡p-¶-h-cpsS t]¸À H¶v am{Xta ]cn-tim-[n-¡p-I-bpÅq. AXm-bXv 66 amÀs¡-¦nepw Hcp ]co-£mÀYn sk¡³Uv t]¸-dn t\Sn-bn-cn-¡Ww.

ASp-¯-Im-e-¯mbn knhn kÀhokv ]co-£-bv¡pÅ kne-_kv, ]co-£mÀYn-bpsS tbmKyX, ]co£m ]²Xn F¶n-h-bn Imtem-Nn-X-amb amäw hcp-¯m-\pÅ in]mÀi-IÄ kaÀ¸n-¡m³ am\-h-tijn hnI-k\ a{´m-e-b-¯nse sk{I-«-dn-bm-bn-cp¶ _n.Fkv. _mkzmsâ t\Xr-Xz-¯n Hcp GgwK I½n-änsb kÀ¡mÀ \ntbm-Kn-¨n-«pWvSv. Cu I½n-än-bpsS in]mÀi-IÄ AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc henb amä-§Ä t]¸À cWvSn {]Xo-£n-t¡-WvS. B I½n-än-bpsS dnt¸mÀ«v AwKo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xp-hsc Cw¥ojv tImw{]n-sl³j³ kvIn kw_-Ôn¨ tNmZy-§Ä Hgn-hm-¡-s¸Spw.

80 tNmZy-§-fpÅ Cu t]¸-dnsâ kne-_-kn ]d-ªn-«p-ÅXv Cw¥ojv kw{K-l-c-N\, ]c-kv]cw hmÀ¯m-hn-\n-ab ss\]pWyw, temPn-¡Â dok-WnwKv, hni-I-e-\-]m-Shw, {]iv\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n\pw Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-apÅ ]mShw, s]mXp-hmb am\-kn-I-tijn, ASn-Øm\ KWnXw, Cw¥ojv `mj kw{K-l-c-N\m ssh`hw, (]¯mw-¢mkv \ne-hm-c-¯nÂ) XpS-§nb Imcy-§-fmWv.

{]km-Znsâ H_vP-SvIohv Cw¥ojv t^mÀ tImw]n-tä-äohv FIvkm-an-t\-j³kv, iÀabpsS lu Sp {]n¸-bÀ IzmWvSn-tä-äohv B]vSn-äyqUv sSÌv, tXmÀs¸-bpsS sSÌv Hm^v dok-WnwKv, iÀa-bpsS cWvSv ]pkvX-I-§Ä, lu Sp {]n¸-bÀ t^mÀ shÀ_ F_n-enän B³Uv doUnwKv tImw{]n-sl³j³ t^mÀ Iymäv, lu Sp {]n¸-bÀ t^mÀ tUäm CâÀ{]-tä-j³ B³Uv temPn-¡Â dok-WnwKv t^mÀ Zn Iymäv F¶o ]pkvX-I-§Ä {]tbm-P-\-s¸Spw.

]gb tNmZy-§-fpsS amXrI thW-sa-¶p-Å-hÀ¡v bp]n-F-kvkn-bpsS sskämb upsconline.nic.in  ¢n¡v sNbvXv t\m¡n-bm ap³ tNmZy-§-fpsS amXrI e`y-amIpw.

{]^. _n. N{µ-Nq-U³ \mbÀ
(Ub-d-IvSÀ, skâÀ t^mÀ
Icn-bÀ sUh-e-]vsaâv ÌUokv, Xncph\´]pcw)