sImssS¡\men \n¶v Nmt¡m¨³

aebmf kn\nabnse Hcp kwLw Ct¸mÄ sImssS¡\menepWvSv. Ip©mt¡m t_m_³ \mbI\mIp¶ "tdma³kv' F¶ Nn{X¯nsâ jq«nwKv ]ptcmKan¡pIbmWnhnsS. 1980þ  aªn hncnª ]q¡Ä Nn{XoIcn¨ AtX semt¡j³. ^mkn kwhn[m\w sNbvXv taml³em aebmf kn\nabnte¡v IS¶p h¶ aªn hncnª ]q¡Ä F¶ Nn{X¯n t{]£IÀ BkzZn¨ sImssS¡\m Gsd amdnbncn¡p¶p. F¦nepw Zriy k¼¶X H«pw tNmÀ¶p t]mbn«panà k©mcnIfpsS Cu {]nbs¸« CS¯n\v.

Gsd¡meambn Hcp aebmf kn\na sImssS¡\men jq«nw Kn\mbn F¯nbn«v. AXpsImWvSv Xs¶ kao]Imes¯§pw sImssS¡\mensâ Zriy §Ä \½psS kn\naIÄ ImWm\nÃ. F¶m hensbmcp CSthf¡p tijw tdma³kv F¶ Nn{Xw ]qÀ®ambpw XbmsdSp ¡p¶Xv sImssS¡\m ]Ým¯eam¡nbmWv. sImssS ¡\mense lnÂtÌj\pIÄ tdma³knsâ {][m\ semt¡j\mIp¶p.

sImssS¡\men jq«nw Knsâ Xnc¡pIfnemWv Nmt¡m¨³ Ct¸mÄ. \à {]Xo£IÄ \ÂInsImWvSmWv tdma³knsâ jq«nwKv ]ptcmKan¡p¶Xv. HmÀUn \dn¡p tijw Ip©mt¡m t_m_\pw _nPptat\m\pw hoWvSpsa¯p¶ Nn{Xsa¶ {]tXyIXbpw tdma³kn\pWvSv. Hcp ]ptcmlnXsâ thj¯nemWnt¸mÄ Ip©m t¡m t_m_³. jq«nwKnsâ CSthfbn Ip©mt¡m t_m_³ A`napJ¯n\mbn F¯n...

Icnbdn BZyambn«mWv Hcp ]ptcmlnXsâ thjw A`n \bn¡p¶Xv. Gsd¡meambn B{KlapWvSmbncp¶XmWv. ]s£ Ct¸mgmWv C§s\sbmcp IYm]m{Xw e`n¡p¶Xv.

F§s\bmWv Ct¸mÄ C¯csamcp ta¡v HmhÀ?

hyXykvX§fmb ]e IYm]m{X§fpw Rm³ B{Kln¨n«pWvSv F¶XmWv bYmÀYyw. ]s£ At¸msgms¡ Nmt¡m¨\v AXv sN¿m³ Ignbptam F¶ tNmZyapWvSmbncp¶p. ]s£ Ct¸mÄ A§s\sbmcp {]iv\anà F¶v Rm³ IcpXp¶p.

BßmÀYambn \½Ä Hcp Imcyw B{Kln¨m AXv \½fnte¡v F¯nt¨cpsa¶v ]dbmdntÃ. Fsâ Imcy¯n AXv Xs¶bmWv kw`hn¨Xv. Gsd¡mew B{Kln¨XmWv Cu IYm]m{Xw. Fsâ CtaPpIÄ adnIS¶v XoÀ¯pw {KmaoW\mb Hcp ImcIvSÀ sN¿Wsa¶pWvSmbncp¶p. FÂk½bneqsS A§s\ sbmcp ImcIvSÀ In«n. AXpt]mse s\Käohv ImcIvSdpIÄ ko\ntbgvkv, kv]m\njv akme XpS§nb Nn{X§fn sN¿m³ Ignªp. ap¼msW¦n F\n¡mcpw s\Käohv IYm]m{X§Ä \ÂIpambncp¶nÃ. ]s£ Ct¸mÄ ]e GcnbIfneqsS IS¶p t]mIp¶ IYm]m{X§Ä e`n¡p¶p.

Cu amäw Nmt¡m¨s\ F{Xt¯mfw amänbn«pWvSv.

B{Kln¨Xpt]msebpÅ kn\naIÄ e`n¡pt¼mÄ B{Kl§Ä hoWvSpw IqSp¶pWvSv. Ct¸mÄ Hcp IY skeIvSv sN¿m\mbn ap¼nse¯pt¼mÄ Rm³ ap¼v sNbvX kn\naIfn \n¶pw F{Xt¯mfw amdn \n¡p¶p F¶mWv t\m¡p¶Xv. lyqaÀ IYm]m{X§Ä Rm³ sNbvXm icnbmhnà F¶v IcpXnbncp¶p. ]s£ Ct¸mÄ lyqaÀ ImcIvSdpIÄ XpSÀ¨bmbn hcp¶pWvSv. CXv F\n¡v am{Xambn h¶ amäsam¶paÃ. ]e \S³amÀ¡pw Icnbdn C¯cw ta¡vHmhÀ DWvSmImdpWvSv. _m_pcmPv F¶ \S³ Xs¶bmWv Hcp DZmlcWw. hnó IYm]m{X§Ä sNbvXp h¶ _m_pcmPv Ct¸mÄ XoÀ¯pw lyqaÀ tdmfpIfn Xnf§p¶p. Nmt¡m¨\v Nne tdmfpIÄ ]änà F¶ [mcWbmbncp¶p Fsâ henb ]cnanXn. AXv adnIS¡m³ Ignbp¶p F¶XmWv Ct¸mgpÅ amäw.

CXv Nmt¡m¨sâ HmUnb³kv F{Xt¯mfw kzoIcn¨n«pWvSv?

Hcp tNmt¢äv CtaPv \ne\n¶ kab¯v F\n¡v Bcm[nIamcmbncp¶p IqSpXÂ. Ct¸mÄ t\sc Xncn¨mWv. HmÀUn\dn bphm¡sfbmWv Bcm[ Icmbn X¶Xv.

F¦nepw Hcp tNmt¢äv CtaPv _m¡n \n¡p¶psh¶v tXm¶n bn«ptWvSm?

AXv Nnet¸mÄ DWvSmhmw. ap¼v tNmt¢äv CtaPn Fs¶ IWvSncp¶ s]¬Ip«nIÄ, AhÀ s¡ms¡ Ct¸mÄ ]{´WvSv hbkv IqSnbncn¡p¶p. Fsâ {]mbhpw IS¶p t]mbn«pWvSv. ]s£ sNdp¸ambn tXm¶p¶Xv kn\nabpsS amPn¡mWv.

Ct¸mgpw Iymw]kv tdmfpIÄ hcp¶pWvSv. A\nb¯n{]mhpw, \ndhpw XoÀ¯ Hcp CtaPv Ct¸mgpw _m¡n \n¡p¶Xv sImWvSmhmw. A§s\ hcp¶htcmSv Fsâ {]mbs¯¡pdn¨v HmÀ½n ¸n¡mdpWvSv. C\n G¨psI«v A\p`hs¸Sp¶ Hcp Iymw]kv IYbn Rm\pWvSmhnÃ. Hcp "\ndw' AtX t]mse BhÀ¯n¡m³ XmXv] cyanÃ. AXnepw Ne©nwKmbn«pÅ Hcp ImcIvSÀ am{Xta C\n Iymw]kv kn\naIfn Rm³ sN¿p. ko\ntbgvkv Hcp Iymw]kv Nn{XamWv. ]s£ AXn hÀj§Ä¡v tijw Iymw]kn XncnsIsb¯p¶ HcmfpsS IYm]m{XamWv.

Cu Xocpam\w _p²nap«m ImdntÃ?

F\n¡v XmXv]cyanÃm¯ Hcp kn\nabpambn hcp¶bmtfmSv Rm\nt¸mÄ B¡mcyw Xpd¶v ]dbmdpWvSv. AXv FÃmhÀ¡pw a\knemImdpapWvSv.

kao]Ime aebmf kn\nabn Gähpw henb hnPbw XoÀ¯ Nn{XamWv HmÀUn\dn. HmÀUn\ dnsb¡pdn¨v?

FÃm coXnbnepw Hcp kn\na hnPbn¡p¶Xv Ct¸mÄ hfsc Npcp¡amWv. kn\nabpsS _nkn\Êv Nnet¸mÄ \¶mbn hcpw. Nne kn\naIÄ \nÀ½mXm¡Ä¡v tS_nÄ t{]m^näv \ÂImdpWvSv. dneokn\p ap¼p Xs¶ kmässeäpw aäpambn kn\na em`IcamIpw. ]s£ Xotbädn \mep Znhkw am{Xta kn\na ImWp. At¸mtg¡pw P\w ssIs¿mgnbpw.

B kn\na HmUnb³knsâ ImgvN¸mSn Hcp \jvSNn{Xw Xs¶bmWv. km¼¯nI em`w t\SnbXpsImWvSv lnämIp¶nà kn\na. C\n If£³ t\SnbXpsImWvSpw kn\nasb ¡pdn¨v \à A`n{]mbapWvSmIWsa¶nÃ. Nne amkv Nn{X§sf CâÀs\äv aoUnbbn HmUnb³kv F{Xtbm tamiambn hnebncp¯mdpWvSv.

]s£ HmÀUn\dn FÃm coXnbnepw hnPbw t\Snbncp¶p F¶mWv Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶Xv. AXv \nÀ½mXmhn\v anI¨ em`w \ÂIn. XotbädpIÄ¡v \à If£³ \ÂIn. t{]£IÀ B kn\na CjvSs¸«p. m[ya§Ä B kn\nasb¡pdn¨v \à A`n{]mb§Ä ]dªn cp¶p. A§s\ FÃm coXnbnepw HmÀUn\dn Hcp hnPb Nn{Xw Xs¶bmbncp¶p. Hcp k¼qÀ® hnPb Nn{Xambn«mWv HmÀUn\ dnsb Rm³ hnebncp¯p¶Xv.

F´mbncp¶p HmÀUn \dnbpsS {]tXyIXbmbn Nmt¡m¨\v tXm¶n bn«pÅXv?

HmÀUn\dnbpsS ]Ým ¯ew ]qÀ®ambpw tIcfobamWv. AXv aebmfn¡v ]qÀ®ambpw DÄs¡mÅm³ Ignbp¶ Nn{XamWv. kn\nabpsS hnPb¯n\v {][m\ ImcWw HmÀUn\dn aebmfntbmSv Gsd ASp¯p \n¶ncp¶p F¶XmWv. A§ s\sbms¡ t\m¡pt¼mÄ HmÀUn\dn FIv{kSm HmÀUn\dn Xs¶bmWv. HmÀUn\dn \qdp Znhk§Ä ]n¶nSpt¼mgpw R§Ä t\cn«ph¶v AsXmcp henb kw`hamWv F¶v ]dªn«nÃ. t{]£IcmWv B kn\nasb¡pdn¨v kwkmcn¨Xv.

Ct¸mÄ IWvSp hcp¶ Hcp amÀ¡änwKv coXnbpWvSv. hfsc tamiw satkPv \ÂIp¶ Nn{XamsW¦n IqSn AsXmcp henb kw`hamsW¶v hcp¯n XoÀ¯v CtaPv krjvSn¡p¶ Hcp {]hWX. HmÀUn\dn C¯cw amÀ¡änwKv X{´§Ä¡v ]n¶mse t]mbn«nÃ. XotbäÀ DSaIÄ Fs¶ t\cn«v hnfn¨p ]dbpIbmbncp¶p If£\n hcp¶ IpXn¸ns\¡pdn¨v. BZyambn«mWv XntbäÀ DSaIÄ Fs¶ t\cn«v t^m¬ sNbvXv kt´mjw ]¦psh¡p¶Xv.

HmÀUn\dnbpsS hnPbw apt¼m«p sImWvSp t]mIpI F¶XmWv Ct¸mÄ henb D¯chmZnXzw. FÃm kn\naIfpw HmÀUn\dn bmhnÃ. ]s£ tamiamImsX t\mt¡ WvSXpWvSv. ]s£ tS_nÄ t{]m^näv am{Xaà kn\na F¶v a\knem¡p¶ kn\na¡mcpw \ap¡v thWw. F¦n am{Xta \à kn\naIfpWvSmhp. AXn kulrZ§Ä Hcp {][m\ LSIamWv. \à Ip«mbvaIfn \n¶pamWv \à Nn{X§fpWvSmIp¶Xv. HmÀUn\dn Hcp Iq«mbvabpsS hnPbamWv.

hÀj§Ä Ignªn cn¡p¶ Nmt¡m¨³ aebmf kn\na bnse¯nbn«v. C¶pw Nmt¡m¨sâ sPânÂam³ CtaPn\v Hcp tIm«hpw kw`hn¨n«nÃ. Hcp t]mknäohv CtaPv sI«n s¸Sp¡m³ t_m[ ]qÀÆambn {ian¡m dptWvSm?

a\¸qÀÆambn \Rm³ Hcp {iahpw \S¯mdnÃ. CtaPv tamiam¡mt\m, \¶m¡mt\m {]tXyIambn {ian¡mdnÃ. F\ns¡ Ãmhcpw kt´mj ambn«ncn¡Wsa¶XmWv B{Klw. Fsâ tamiw kab¯v Fs¶ klmbn¨ Hcp]mSv t]cpWvSv. kn\nabn \n¶v CSthfsbSp¯v amdn \n¶t¸mÄ kn\nabnte¡v Xncn¨p hcWsa¶v \nÀ_Ôn¨hcpWvSv. hyXykvXamb IYm ]m{X§Ä ss[cy ]qÀÆw \ÂInb kwhn[mb IcpWvSv. A§s\ ]ecpambn tNÀ¶v \n¶mWv Nmt¡m¨³ F¶ Xmcw \ne\n¡p¶Xv.

Ct¸mÄ hfsc kPohamWv \yqP\tdj³ kn\nasb¡pdn¨pÅ NÀ¨IÄ. Cu {]hWXsb {i²n¨ncpt¶m. {]tXy In¨pw Nmt¡m¨³ A`n\bn¨ {Sm^n¡v t]mepÅ Nn{X§Ä¡v Hcp \yqP\tdj³ kn\nabpsS te_ e`n¨t¸mÄ?

\yqP\tdj³ kn\na Fs¶ms¡ NÀ¨ sN¿p¶ I¬sk]väv FÃm¡me¯papWvSv. kXy³ A´n¡mSv kwhn[m\w sNbvX \tc{µ³ aI³ PbIm´³ hI F¶ Nn{Xw AXphsc Bcpw kwkmcn¡mXncp¶ em³Uv am^nbsb¡pdn¨mWv ]dªXv. AXpw Hcp käbÀ kz`mh¯n AhXcn¸n¨p. dnb FtÌäv tIcf¯n thcp]nSn¡p¶Xn\pw ap¼mWv B kn\na h¶Xv. A¶v B kn\na apt¼m«p sh¨ IYm ]cnkcw ]pXpa bpÅXmbncp¶p. A§s\ Hcp kn\nabpsS Bibhpw AhXcWhpw ]pXnbXm Ipt¼mgmWv Hcp \yqP\tdj³ kn\nabmbn ]cnKWt¡WvSXv. ]s£ AsXmcp {]tXyI hn`mK¯n\mbn amän \nÀt¯WvS ImcyhpanÃ. DkvXmZv tlm«Â Hcp \à Nn{XamWv. AXnsâ kwhn[mbI³ A³hÀ djoZv Ft¶mSv ]dªXv FÃm P\tdj\pw thWvSbmWv Cu kn\na Hcp¡nbsX¶mWv. At¸mÄ ]ns¶ ImäKdn sN¿p¶Xn Xs¶ AÀYanÃ.

_meN{µtat\m³ ASp ¯nsS Hcp A`napJ¯n ]dbpIbpWvSmbn tSmbveän sN¿p¶Xv kzoIcW apdnbn sN¿p¶mbn ImWn¨m AXv \yqP\tdj³ kn\nabmInà F¶v. hfsc hmkvXhamb ImcyamWXv.

CtX hntbmPn¸v Nne tkmtImÄUv \yqP\tdj³ kn\naItfmSv F\n¡papWvSv. AXv t{]£IÀ¡v Xncn¨dnbm³ Ignbpw. \½Ä Hcp Znhks¯ ]{XsaSp¯m AXn apgph³ kwLÀj§fmWv. ]e hn[amb IpäIrXy§fpsS hmÀ¯IÄ. AsXÃmw AtXt]mse kn\nabnte¡v ]IÀ¯nbm ImWp¶hcpsS am\knImhØ F´mhpw. AXnt\mSv F\n¡v tbmPn¸nÃ.

]eXpw Xpd¶p Im«pt¼mÄ ]dbp¶ \ymb§fpWvSv, IY¡v BhiyamWv Fs¶ms¡. AXv icnbmhmw. ]s£ Rms\mcp ^manenam\mWv. Fsâ IpSpw_¯ns\m¸w Ccp¶v Rm³ ImWm³ B{Kln¡p¶ kn\naIfmWv Fsâ tSÌnepÅ kn\naIÄ.

FÃmhcnte¡pw F¯n t¨À¶ kn\naIfmWv {Sm^n¡pw tkmÄ«v B³Uv s]¸dpsams¡. Ahsbms¡ anI¨ kn\naIÄ Xs¶. Cu kn\naIÄ Bib¯nepw AhXcW¯nepsams¡ sImWvSph¶ amäw IWvSnsöv sh¡m³ IgnbnÃ.

Hcp sat{Sm I½yqWnän¡v thWvSn am{Xambn kn\na amdp¶p F¶ Bt£]hpapWvSv?

tIcf¯n sat{Sm sse^v hepXmbns¡mWvSncn¡pIbmWv. sIm¨n F¶ \Kcw IqSpX hepXmIp¶pWvSv. At¸mÄ t{]£IÀ IqSpXembn Hcp sat{Sm knänbnte¡v F¯p¶p. aÄ«n¹Ivkv XotbädpIÄ IqSp¶Xnsâ ImcWw CXmWv. AXv IWvSnsöv \Sn¡m\mhnÃ. ]s£ tkmtImÄUv \yqP\tdj³ kn\naIÄ Hcp sat{Sm I½yqWnän¡v thWvSn am{XamIpt¼mgmWv AXv {]iv\amIp¶Xv. AXn\pw A¸pd¯v FÃm taJeIfnte¡pw IS¶p sNÃm³ Ignbp¶ kn\naIfmWv Rm³ XmXv]cys¸Sp¶Xv. HmÀUn\dn A¯csamcp Nn{XamWv. AXv tIcf¯nsâ GXv kmlNcy§fnepw t{]£I\v a\knem¡mhp¶ IYbpw ]Ým¯ehpamWv ]dªXv.

]pXnb Nn{X§Ä?

kpKoXnsâ {Xn tUm«vkv F¶ Nn{XamWv ASp¯Xv. cmtPjv ]nÅbpsS tamt«mÀ ssk¡Ä Ubdokv, em tPmknsâ ]pÅn¸penIfpw B«n³ Ip«nbpw F¶o Nn{X§fpw ASp¯p Xs¶ Nn{XoIcWw Bcw`n¡pw.