AÂt^m³km½ hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v;

{]Jym]\w HIvtSm_À 12þ\v tdmanÂ

kz´w teJI³

]mem: hmgv¯s¸« A t^m³km½ hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v. HIvtSm_À 12þ\p cmhnse H¼Xn\v tdmanemWv {]Jym]\w. i\nbmgvN C´y³ kabw sshIpt¶cw 3.30þ\v tdman amÀ]m¸bpw IÀZn\mÄamcpw AS§nb I¬knÌdnbmWv XobXn {]Jym]n¨Xv.

tIcfk`bnÂ\n¶v hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v DbÀ¯s¸Sp¶ BZy hyànbmWv AÂt^m³km½. CXn\mbn C¶se tdmanse skâv ]otägvkv _ken¡bn k¦oÀ¯\mem]\t¯msSbmWv NS§pIÄ Bcw`n¨Xv.

]n¶oSp I¬knÌdnbn hnip²{]Jym ]\s¯¡pdn ¨pÅ Ahkm\ XoÀ¸pIÂ]n¡Â \S¶p. XpSÀ¶mWv amÀ]m¸ XobXn {]Jym]n¨Xv.

^m. Käm t\m F³dnt¡m (Cäen), hmgv¯s¸« aZÀ _ÀWmÀZ (kznäv kÀe³Uv), hmgv¯s¸« \mÀ¨nk (FIztUmÀ) XpS§nbhscbpw hnip² cmbn {]Jym]n¡pw.

AÂt^m³km ½sb hnip² bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ XobXn {] Jym]n¡p sa¶dnªv Bbnc¡W¡n\p hnizmknIÄ I_dnSw ØnXnsN¿p¶ `cW§m\¯v F¯n bncp¶p.

1953þ ]mem cq]XbpsS {]Yam[y£³ amÀ sk_mÌy³ hbenensâ Ime¯mWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcW \S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¨Xv. 1986 s^{_phcn F«n\v AÂt^m³km½sb tPm ¬t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸ tIm«b¯p hmgv¯s¸«hfmbn {]Jym]n¨p.

a®md¸md CShIbnse Hgps¯m«n jmPnþenkn Z¼XnIfpsS ]p{X\mb Pn\n IWvS AZv`pXamWv \mÂ]Xv knänwKneqsS AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØXbm \S¶XmsW¶v Dd¸m¡nbXv. 2006 amÀ¨v 23þ\v AZv`pXw ØncoIcn¨p. 2007 Pq¬ H¶n\v s_\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma³ amÀ]m¸ AÂt^m³km½sb hnip ²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ Xn\v \maIcWt¡mSXn kaÀ¸n¨ AZv`pX tcmKim´n ØncoIcn¨v H¸ph¨p.

AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ Xn\pÅ \S]SnIÄ¡v t\XrXzw \ÂInbXv sshkvt]mÌpteäÀ ^m.{^m³kokv hS t¡emWv. C¶se \S¶ {]Jym]\¨S§n F^v.kn.kn k\ymkn\nkaqlw s{]mhn³jymÄ knÌÀ koenb, `cW§m\w t{]mhn³kv s{]mhn³jymÄ knÌÀ acnb F¶nhÀ ]s¦Sp¯ncp¶p.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcW \S]SnIÄ: Hcp Xncnªpt\m«w

]mem: A¼XphÀjs¯ kpZoÀLamb Imebfhn \S¶ \maIcW \S]SnIfneqsSbmWv AÂt^m³km½ hnip² ]Znhnbnse¯p¶Xv.

1946 Pqsse 28þ\mWv AÂt^m³km½ acWaSªXv. acn¨v A[nI\mÄ Ignbpwap¼pXs¶ AÂt^m³kmbpsS PohnX[\yXbpsS IY \msS§pw ]c¶p. AÂt^m³km½sb ]pWyhXnsb¶p \maIcWw sN¿p¶Xn\pÅ \S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¡Wsa¶p \mSnsâ \m\m`mK§fn \n¶pw BhiyapbÀ¶p.

hnizmknIfpsS lrZbm`nemjw IW¡nseSp¯v ]mem cq]XbpsS {]Ya sa{Xm³ amÀ sk_mÌy³ hbenÂ, AÂt^m³km½sb ]pWyhXnsb¶pw hnfn¡p¶Xn\pÅ km[yXsb¸än Bcmbp¶Xn\v 1952þ tam¬.sP.kn.Im¸s\ \ntbmKn¨p. XpSÀ¶v At±lw AÂt^m³km½ Pohn¨ncp¶ Øe§sfÃmw kµÀin¨p. AÂt^m³km½bpambn _Ôs¸«ncp¶ H«\h[n hyànIsf t\cn IWvSv kwkmcn¨v A`n{]mb§Ä tiJcn¨p.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØw hgn tcmKim´n e`n¨ ]escbpw IWvSv \nPØnXn a\knem¡n. Cu dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯n hben ]nXmhv tdmansâ A\paXntbmsS \maIcW \S]SnIfpsS t]mÌpteädmbn {^m³knkvI³ k`mwKamb ^m.s^mÀ¯pWmtªm jn¸ntbmWnsb \nban¨p. t]mÌpteäÀ tdman ØncXmak¡mc\mWv. t]mÌpteäÀ¡v hnhc§Ä \ÂIm³ \m«n \nbanX\mIp¶ BfmWv sshkvt]mÌpteäÀ. {]Ya sshkvt]mÌpteäÀ tam¬.sP.kn.Im¸³ Bbncp¶p.

XpSÀ¶p \maIcW¯n\m hiyamb sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡p¶Xn\mbn ^m.tdmatbmkv tXmakv A[y£\mbn cq]X tImSXn cq]oIcn¨p. AÂt^m³km½ FgpXnb Ipdn¸pIÄ, I¯pIÄ Ch ]cntim[n¡pI, AÂt^m³km½bpsS ]pWyIoÀ¯nsbbpw kpIrX PohnXs¯bpw ]än sXfnhpIÄ tiJcn¡pI, t]cv hnfn¡s¸« ]pWymXvam¡Ä¡v AÀlamb BZchpw hW¡hpw AÂt^m³km½bv¡v \ÂInt]mcp¶pthm F¶v At\zjn¡pI XpS§nb {][m\Imcy§Ä tImSXn \S¯n.

Ch ]cntim[n¨v e¯o\nte¡v `mjm´cw sNbvXv tdmante¡b¨p. CtX¯pSÀ¶v 1970þ XncpkwLw AÂt^m³km½ FgpXnbXnsem¶nepw {InkvXob hnizmk¯nt\m k·mÀK ]T\§Ät¡m FXncmbn H¶pansöv {]Jym]\w \S¯n.

cWvSmas¯ Imcys¯¸änbpÅ tImSXnbpsS At\zjW§Ä 1955þ Bcw`n¨p. AÂt^m³km½bpsS IpgnamSw Xpd¶v ]qPymhinjvS§fpsS \nPmhØ Xn«s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\mbn 1957 G{]n 13þ\v ]mem cq]Xm[y£sâbpw hnZKv[ tUmIvSÀamcpsSbpw t\XrXz¯n IpgnamSw Xpd¶p. XetbmSv DÄs¸sSbpÅ AØnIfn bmsXmcp tISpw kw`hn¨ncp¶nÃ. Cu tImSXn hnZKv[cmb aq¶p tUmIvSÀamcpsS klmbt¯msS AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØXbn \S¶ aq¶p tcmKim´nbpw At\zjn¨v dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIn.

aq¶mas¯ Imcys¯¸änbpÅ At\zjWw 1960 amÀ¨v 14þ\v Bcw`n¨p. A\Àlamb ]ckyhW¡w AÂt^m³km½bv¡p \ÂInbn«nsöv tImSXn¡p t_m[yambn. 1962 sk]väw_À 27  cq]XtImSXn IqSn tcJIÄs¡Ãmw H¸ph¨p. \maIcW \S]SnIfpambn _Ôs¸« tcJIÄ hben ]nXmhv t\cn«v tdmanse¯n XncpkwL¯n\p kaÀ¸n¡pI bmbncp¶p.

XpSÀ¶v A¸kvtXmenIv \S]SnIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\v ]mem cq]Xm[y£s\ NpaXes¸Sp¯n. 1979þ {]Jym]\w DWvSmbn. CtX¯pSÀ¶v dh.tUm.tPmÀPv s\Sp§mSv Fkv.sP A[y£\mbn A¸kvtXmenI tImSXn cq]oIcn¨p. 146 kt½f\§fnembn tImSXn 46 km£nIsf hnkvXcn¨p. Cu dnt¸mÀ«v 1981þ tdmanse¯n¨p. XpSÀ¶v 1984þ IÀZn\mÄamÀ tIm¬{Kkv tNÀ¶v AÂt^m³km½ hotcmNnXambn ]pWy§Ä A`ykn¨ncp¶psh¶v {]Jym]n¨p.

CXn\ptijw cq]X tImSXn AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØw hgn \S¶ tcmKim´nIÄ ]cntim[n¨v tdmante¡b¨p. CXv AwKoIcn¨Xns\¯pSÀ¶mWv tam¬.tPmk^v aäw A[y£\mb cq]X tImSXn 1981þ cq]oIrXamIp¶Xv. \mep tUmIvSÀamÀ DÄs¸sS 27 km£nIsf Cu tImSXn hnkvXcn¨p. CXp tdmanse tUmIvSÀamÀ ]cntim[n¨ tijw tcmKim´n, sshZyimkv{X hnÚm\¯nsâ shfn¨¯n hniZoIcn¡m³ Ignbm¯XmsW¶p ØncoIcn¨p. AX\pkcn¨v AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØXbn \S¶ HcZv`pXambn tcmKim´nsb AwKoIcn¨psImWvSpÅ Un{In amÀ]m¸ 1985þ hnfw_cw sNbvXp. CtXmsSbmWv AÂt^m³km½sb hmgv¯s¸«hÄ F¶ \maIcW¯n\mbpÅ \S]SnIfpsS ]mX Ahkm\n¨Xv.

XpSÀ¶v 2002 s^{_phcn 26þ\v \mÂ]Xp knänwKneqsS \mÂ]Xne[nIw BfpIfpambn A`napJw \S¯n a®md¸mdbnse jmPnþenkn Z¼XnIfpsS aI\mb Pn\nen IWvS AZv`pXw 2006þ ØncoIcn¨p.2007 Pq¬ H¶n\v _\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma³ amÀ]m¸ hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\pÅ tcJIfn H¸ph¨p. 2008 amÀ¨v H¶n\p amÀ]m¸ AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\pÅ XobXn HIvtSm_À 12 Bbn {]Jym]n¨p.

tam¬.sP.kn.Im¸³, tam¬.tXmakv aqt¯Sw, ^m.tPmÀPv aWvU]¯nÂ, ^m.Ipcymt¡mkv ]mt§m«nÂ, dh.tUm.tXmakv aqebnÂ, ^m.{^m³knkv hSt¡Â F¶nhcmWv C¡mebfhn \maIcW \S]SnIÄ¡v t\XrXzw \ÂInb sshkvt]mÌpteäÀamÀ.

AÂt^m³km½: kl\¯nsâ kaÀ¸nX PohnXw

IÀZn\mÄ amÀ hÀ¡n hnXb¯nÀ

\qämWvSpIfpsS ]mc¼cyapÅ tIcf It¯men¡m k`bv¡p e`n¨ ssZh¯nsâ {]tXyIZm\amWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnip²]Zhn. GXm\pw hÀj§Ä¡pap¼v ChnsS Pohn¨p acn¨, Ct¸mgpw ]ecpsSbpw HmÀabn kPohambn \n¡p¶ AÂt^m³km½ ssZh¯nsâ k¶n[nbn ZnhyXmcambn tim`n¡pI F¶Xv \ap¡v e`n¨ Gähpw henb A\p{KlamWv.

kl\¯nsâ hgnbneqsSbmWv AÂt^m³km½ hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v F¯nbXv. kl\w Bßhnip²oIcW¯n\pÅ amÀKambncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bv¡v. kl\¯neqsS kzbw hnip²oIcn¡pIbpw Xsâ Npänepw hnip²nbpsS {]` sNmcnbpIbpw sN¿p¶Xmbncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw.

ssZhw F{Xta IcpXtemsS AÂt^m³km½sb ]cn]men¨p F¶Xpw AÛpXamWv. ]Xn\mdp hÀjw am{Xw \oWvSp \n¶ kaÀ¸nX PohnXw. ap¸¯mdp hÀjw am{Xw \oWvSp \n¶ `uXnI PohnXw.

F¶m C\n AÂt^m³km½ Pohn¡p¶Xv e£¡W¡n\v `àcpsS lrZb¯nemWv. AhcpsS {]mÀY\Ifn \nXyhpw kvacn¡p¶ \maambn¯ocpIbmWv Cu hnip². Bbnc§fpsS PohnX¯n AÛpXambn \ndbpIbmWv AÂt^m³km½.ssZh¯nâ ]²XnIÄ F{X \nKqVhpw AÛpXIchpsa¶v \mw Adnbp¶p.

D]m[nIfnÃmsX ssZhkvt\l¯n\pthWvSn kzbw kaÀ¸n¡pI F¶ efnXamb IÀaambncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw. ssZhkvt\l¯m Xpfp¼p¶ PohnX¯n \n¶pw kvt\l¯nâ ]cnafw Npänepw {]kcn¸n¡pIbmbncp¶p AhÀ. PohnXw Gsd¡qsd tcmKn¡nS¡bnembncp¶p. F¶m AsXm¶pw ]cmXn¡pÅ, ]cn`h¯n\pÅ ImcWambn«Ã AhÀ IWvSn«pÅXv.

tcmKn¡nS¡bn FWo¡m³ t]mepamhm¯t¸mÄ t]mepw {]mÀY\bpsS Icw ]nSn¨v AhÀ ssZh¯nsâ k¶n[nbnse¯n. AXn A]mcamb im´nbpw kam[m\hpw A\p`hn¨p. aq¶p h«w tcmKote]\w kzoIcn¨n«pw ssZhZm\¯m PohnX¯nte¡p Xncn¨p h¶p. A{Xta Xo£vWambncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bpsS ssZh¯nepÅ B{ibw. Xo£vWamb ssZhkvt\lw Hcn¡epw XnckvIcn¡s¸SpInbnsöv AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnX¯neqsS ssZhw \t½ Adnbn¡p¶p.

"Fs¶ apgph³ kvt\l¯nsâbpw ]cnlmc¯nsâbpw _enhkvXphmbn ssZh¯n\p kaÀ¸n¡p¶p.'PohnX \hoIcW Zn\¯n AÂt^m³km½ FgpXnb Ipdn¸nemWv Cu hmIyapÅXv.

ssZh¯n\pthWvSn kzbw _enhkvXphmbn¯ocp¶Xpt]msebpÅ kvt\l¯n Ihnªv asäm¶panÃ. ssZh¯n\pthWvSn kzbw kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xn Ihnsªmcp hnip²IÀahpanÃ. CXp cWvSpw kz´w PohnX¯neqsS AÂt^m³km½ sXfnbn¨p.

Pohn¨ncn¡pt¼mįs¶ B{ibambn Ip«nIfS¡apÅ [mcmfw BfpIÄ AÂt^m³km½bpsS ASps¯¯nbncp¶p. AÂt^m³km½ {]mÀYn¨m XoÀ¨bmbpw {]mÀY\bpw AÀY\bpw ssZhkm¶n[y¯nse¯psa¶v AhÀ Dd¨p hnizkn¨ncp¶p.

A¯cw A\p`h§fpw AhÀ¡v e`n¨ncp¶p. \½psS At]£IÄ \nÀaehpw lrZb¯n \n¶v DZv`hn¡p¶XpamIpt¼mgmWv AXv {]mÀY\bmbn amdp¶Xv. \nkzmÀYamb, hnip²amb {]mÀY\Ifmbncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bptSXv. AXn\m [mcmfw BfpIÄ {]mÀY\mt]£Ifpambn AÂt^m³km½bpsS ASps¯¯n. AÂt^m³km½bpsS a[yØ{]mÀY\bn ssZh¯nsâ Zm\w A[nIambn e`n¡psa¶v AhÀ Adnªncp¶p. ]eÀ¡pw AXp kzm\p`hambn.

HIvtSm_À ]{´WvSn\v AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡pIbmWv. C\n 232 Zn\§Ä.

tIcf¯nsâ a[yØ {]mÀY\IÄ¡pthWvSn ssZhk¶n[nbn F¶pw AÂt^m³km½bpWvSmhpw.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw \t½ ]Tn¸n¡p¶ NneXpWvSv. {]mÀY\bneqsS ssZht¯mSv XmZmßys¸Sp¶XmWp hnip²amb PohnXw.

{]mÀY\bneqsS ssZhhc{]kmZ¯nâ ]¦pImcmhp¶XmWv hnip²amb PohnXw. AXv BÀ¡pw km[yamWv. PohnX¯nsâ GXhØbnepw {]mÀY\bneqsS ssZht¯mSv sFIys¸SpI. tcmKmhØIfnepw IjvSXIfnepw Zq:J§fnepw ssZh¯n¦te¡v I®pbÀ¯pIbpw Ic§Ä Iq¸pIbpw sN¿pI. ImcWw {]mÀY\ Xcp¶Xv Bßobamb kuJyamWv. \nXyamb kuJyamWv.

C\nbpÅ Zn\§Ä \½psS {]mÀY\Ifn AÂt^m³km½sb kvacn¨v a[yØyw bmNn¡mw. \½psS PohnX¯n AÂt^m³km½bpsS kl\ PohnXw HmÀan¡mw. kl\§fneqsS ip²oIcn¡s¸Sp¶ PohnX¯nsâ hnip²n \½psS PohnX¯nepw kw`hn¡pamdmhs«.

]cmXnIfnÃm¯ hnip² km¶n[yw

AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ XobXn Adnbn¨Xnt\mS\p_Ôn¨v _nj]v amÀ tPmk^v ]Ån¡m¸d¼n Zo]nItbmSp kwkmcn¡p¶p.

`mcXk`bv¡v BZyhnip²sb \ÂInb ]mem cq]XbpsS sa{Xm\mbpw B ]pWyhXnbpsS hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡pÅ \S]Sn {Ia§Ä¡v t\XrXzw \ÂIm\pw ]mem cq]Xbnse Xs¶ [\y³ ]Zhnbnencn¡p¶ ssZhZmk³ Ipª¨sâ ssIbnÂ\n¶v amtamZokm kzoIcn¡m\pw Ipª¨sâ kwkvImc NS§n\v ImÀanIXzw hln¡m\pw `mKyw e`n¨ hyànbmWp amÀ tPmk^v ]Ån¡m¸d¼nÂ.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnip² ]Zhn `mcX k`bv¡v F{Xt¯mfw BlvfmZIcamWv?

henb A\p{Kl¯nsâ \nanj§fmWv, H¸w BlvfmZ¯nsâdbpw. `mcX k`bv¡v X\Xmb Hcp a[yØsb In«nbncn¡p¶p. C´y³ hwiPbmb BZyhnip²bmWv AÂt^m³km½. CXp `mcXk`bpsS [\yaplqÀ¯amWv. AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXs¯ a\knem¡m³ ]änb AhkcamWv CXv. AÂt^m³km½bpsS A\p`h§Ä¡v aqeyapWvSv F¶v AÂt^m³km½ ImWn¨p X¶ncn¡p¶p.

F´psImWvSmWv \maIcW \S]SnIÄ C{X sshInbXv?

hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\v henb \S]Sn{Ia§fmWpÅXv. 1953þ ]uckvXykwLw sk{I«dn ImÀUn\ bqPo³ SznkÀânsâ Ime¯mWv \maIcW \S]Sn{Ia§Ä¡v XpS¡anSp¶Xv. hnip²cpsS PohnXw apgph³ ]Tn¡Ww. AhÀ FgpXnb Fgp¯pIfpw ]pkvXI§fpw hniZambn ]Tn¡Ww.

hnhn[ BÄ¡mcpsS km£nsamgnIÄ FSp¡Ww. AÂambÀ, sshZnIÀ, hnip²cpambn CS]gInbhÀ Chcn \ns¶Ãmw km£nsamgnIÄ FSp¡Ww. ChsbÃmw 1960þemWv kaÀ¸n¨Xv.

]n¶oSv tdman t]mÌpteäÀ IqSn Ch hniZambn ]Tn¡p¶p. XpSÀ¶v ]pWyPohnXw hnebncp¯pw. AXn\ptijw Hcp AZv`pXw hniZambn ]Tn¨v tUmIvSÀamÀ km£ys¸Sp¯nbXn\p tijamWv I¬knÌdn hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v DbÀ¯p¶Xv. CXn\v Hcp]mSv kabw thWvSnhcpw. Ct¸mÄ Cu \nba§Ä IqSpX IÀ¡iam¡nbncn¡pIbmWv.

AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xnt\m S\p_Ôn¨pÅ NS§pIÄ Fs´ms¡bmWv?

tdman amÀ]m¸bmWv AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xv.

cq]Xbn \n¶v D¯chmZn¯s¸«hscÃmw NS§n ]s¦Sp¡m³ t]mIpw. AXn\m ]n¶oSmbncn¡pw ChnsS NS§pIÄ. _m¡n Imcy§Ä IÀZn\mfpambn BtemNn¨pw aäpw DS³ Xocpam\n¡pw.

k`bn hnip² ]ZhnbpsS {]kàn F´p am{XamWv?

k` \ap¡p Im«nXcp¶ amXrIIfmWv hnip²À. hnip²cpsS PohnX¯nse \·IÄ {]tXyIXIÄ ss{IkvXh PohnX¯nse hnhn[ hi§Ä FÃmw \ap¡v amXrIIfmWv. cWvSmaXmbn am[yØw \S¯p¶Xv hnip²À hgnbmWv F¶v k` Im«n Xcp¶p. hnip²cpsS Iq«mbvabmWtÃm k`.

sXfnshSp¸nsâ kab¯pw \maIcW \S]Sn{Ia§fpsS ImeL«¯nepw ]nXmhn\v A\p`hs¸« Imcy§Ä?

hnizkvXXtbmsSbmWv FÃmhcpw {]hÀ¯n¨Xv kXy{]XnÚ sNbvX tijamWv cq]XmtImSXnbpsS {]hÀ¯\w XpS§nbXv.

AÛpX§Ä ØncoIcn¡p¶ Imcy¯nepw km£yhnkvXmc kab¯pw AXoh {i²bpw Pm{KXbpw ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p. Cu kab§fn ssZh¯nsâ henb A\p{Klhpw e`n¨ncp¶p.

]nXmhn\p hyàn]cambn«pw cq]Xbv¡pw AÂt^m³km½bpsS A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¨n«ptWvSm?

XoÀ¨bmbpw cq]Xbv¡p e`n¨ `mKyamWv AÂt^m³km½. cq]Xbnse hnizmkkaql¯n\p \nch[nbmb A\p{Kl§Ä AÂt^m³km½ hgn e`n¨n«pWvSv. tcmK§Ä kpJs¸«Xpw A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¨Xpamb \nch[n A\p`h§Ä DWvSv. F\n¡pw AÂt^m³km½ hgn \nch[nbmb A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¨n«pWvSv. C\n hcm\ncn¡p¶ Znhk§Ä A\p{Kl¯nsâ henb \nanj§fmbncn¡pw.

hnip²bv¡v P·w sImSp¯ cq]X F¶ \nebn kvamcI§Ä Fs´¦nepw?

P\n¨Xv IpSamfqcnemWv. aT¯n tNÀ¶Xpw Pohn¨p acn¨Xpw `cW§m\¯mWv. AÂt^m³km½sb hmgv¯s¸«hfmbn tPm¬t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ¸m¸ tIm«b¯v {]Jym]n¨ Nm¸emWv `cW§m\¯v Øm]n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. `mhnbn henb XoÀ°mS tI{µamIpw F¶pÅ Dd¨ hnizmk¯nemWv AXv Øm]n¨Xv.

C¶v {]mÀYn¡phm³ ]änb A´co£apÅ at\mlcamb Nm¸emWv AXv. IqSmsX AÂt^m³km½ ]Tn¸n¨ hmI¡m«v AÂt^m³km½ Ifcn Øm]n¨n«pWvSv. AÂt^m³km tImtfPpWvSv. C\nbpw \nch[nbmb Øm]\§fpw Beb§fpw DWvSmIpw.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw \ÂIp¶ ktµiw?

PohnX¯nse FÃm A\p`h§sfbpw bmsXmcp ]cmXnbpw IqSmsX kzoIcn¡phm\pÅ henb a\kv AÂt^m³km½bv¡v DWvSmbncp¶p. kt´mj§fpw ZpJ§fpw hnPb§fpw ]cmPb§fpw FÃmw bmsXmcp ]cn`hhpw IqSmsX kzoIcn¡m³ AÂt^m³km½bv¡v Ignªncp¶p. CXmWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw \ÂIp¶ henb ktµiw.

Xbmdm¡nbXv: Pn_n³ Ipcy³

\maIcWtImSXnbn \m¸Xntesd knänwKpIÄ

tam¬kntªmÀ tUm. tPmk^v aä¯n\v CXv [\y\nanjw.

1958 amÀ¨n \hsshZnI\mbn F¯nbt¸mÄ ]mem cq]XbpsS {]Yam[y£³ hben ]nXmhv BZyta¸n¨ NpaXe AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcWhpambn _Ôs¸« {]hÀ¯\§fn klmbnbmIm\mbncp¶p. cq]Xm Xe¯nepÅ \S]SnIÄ aebmf¯nÂ\n¶p e¯o\nte¡v ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v NpaXes¸Sp¯nb kwL¯nembncp¶p aä¯ne¨³.

\maIcW\S]SnIfpambn _Ôs¸« FÃmI½oj\pIfnepw AwKambncp¶p Ct±lw.

dh. tUmIvSÀ tP¡_v I«bv¡Â, ^m. k¡dnbmkv Fen]pen¡m«v, ^m. Ipcy³ ]pÃm¸Ån F¶nhcmbncp¶p aä¯ne¨t\msSm¸w 1958þ \maIcW \S]SnIÄ XÀÖa sN¿m\pWvSmbncp¶Xv.

XpSÀ¶v hÀj§Ä¡v tijw 1980þ hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcWhpambn _Ôs¸«v \nban¨ s]m´n^n¡Â I½oj\nse sNbÀam\mbn.

cq]XmtImSXn AwKambn {]hÀ¯n¨p. ssZhZmkn, [\y F¶o ]ZhnIfneqsS IS¶ AÂt^m³km½ {InkvXobkpIrX§Ä hotcmNnXambn A`ykn¨ncp¶hfmsW¶v ]cnip²]nXmhv 1984 \hw_dn {]Jym]n¨Xv C¶se F¶t]mse A¨³ HmÀ¡p¶p.

Ct¸mÄ ]mem {]oÌv lukn hn{iaPohnXw \bn¡p¶ A¨\p AÂt^m³km½sb¡pdn¨p ]dbpt¼mÄ HmÀabnse¯p¶Xv Xm³ ss{S_yqW AwKambncp¶t¸mÄ hnhn[ AZv`pX§fpsS km£yhpamsb¯nbhscbmWv.

s]m³Ip¶w A¯nbmen \ns¶¯nb bphmhnsâ Imen\v In«nb kuJys¯¡pdn¨v km£ys¸Sp¯m³ F¯nbXpw A¨sâ a\kn an¶nadbp¶p. F¶mÂ, Ct¸mgpw ]¨]nSn¨p \n¡p¶ HmÀa htÅmw]pcbnSw A¨sâ \nÀtZi¯ XpSÀ¶v `cW§m\s¯¯n tcmKkuJyw e`n¨ Pn\nens\¡pdn¨mWv.

a®md¸md CShIbnse HgpsXm«n jmPnþenkn Z¼XnIfpsS cWvSmas¯ ]p{X\mb Pn\nensâ Imen\pWvSmb kuJyamWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnip² ]Zhn¡p ImcWamb AZv`pXw. AÂt^m³km½bpsS A\p{KlamWv P³a\m sshIeyw _m[n¨ Pn\nensâ cWvSpImepIfptSbpw sshIeyw amdp¶Xn\pw NnInÕIqSmsX kpJs¸Sp¶Xn\pw ImcWambsX¶v hnip²oIcW \S]Sn{Ia§fn sXfnbn¡s¸«p.

AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\mbpÅ \maIcWtImSXnbpsS DZvLmS\w 2002 s{^{_phcn 26\mWv ]mem cq]Xm[y£³ amÀ tPmk^v ]Ån¡m¸d¼n \nÀhln¨Xv.

\maIcWtImSXn \m¸Xntesd knänwKpIÄ \S¯n. CXneqsS \m¸Xntesd BfpIfpambn A`napJw \S¯nbXpsaÃmw tam¬kntªmÀ tPmk^v aä¯n\v ad¡m\mhm¯ A\p`h§fmWv.

Xbmdm¡nbXv: tXmakv hÀKokv

AÂt^m³k: Bßhnip²nbpsS A½

tIm«bw PnÃbnepÄs¸« IpSamfqcn ap«¯p]mS¯v ]gp¸d¼n tPmk^v þ tacn Z¼XnIfpsS \memas¯ aIfmbn 1910 HmKÌv 19þ\v AÂt^m³km½ P\n¨p. IpSamfqÀ CShI¸Ånbn B amkw 27þ\v Úm\kv\m\w \S¯n. A¶ F¶mbncp¶p Úm\kv\m\ \maw. A¶¡p«n F¶p hnfnt¸cpw. A¶¡p«n P\n¨p Gsd\mÄ Ignbpwap¼v AhfpsS A½ acWaSªp. ]nXmhnsâbpw ktlmZcnamcpsSbpw am{Xaà amXmhnsâ tPyjvTktlmZcnbmb ap«pNnd apcn¡Â A¶½bpsSbpw kvt\lip{iqjIÄ AhÄ¡p e`n¨p.

aq¶mw¢mkphsc BÀ¸q¡c sXm®³Ipgn Kh¬saâv ss{]adn kvIqfn ]Tn¨ A¶¡p«n ap«pNnd Kh¬saâv kvIqfn \memw¢mkn tNÀ¶p. ]nXrktlmZcnbpsS IÀi\amb in£W¯nepw kwc£W¯nepw ap«pNndbnemWv ]n¶oSv AhÄ hfÀ¶Xv. kz`mhalnabn ASnbpd¨ \à hyànXzw A¶¡p«nbn cq]s¸Sm³, amXrktlmZcntbmsSm¯pÅ hmkw Ahkcsamcp¡n. _meyþIuamc§Ä ]n¶nSpt¼mtg¡p kmam\y¯ne[nIamb kuµcyw sImWvSv A\pKrloXbmbncp¶p AhÄ. A¶¡p«nsb Hcp¯a IpSpw_n\nbm¡m³ amXrktlmZcn B{Kln¨p. F¶m hfsc sNdp¸wapXÂt¡ ssZh`ànbn a\kpsImSp¯ph¶ncp¶ A¶¡p«n¡p hnhmlPohnXt¯mSv H«pw XmXv]cyapWvSmbncp¶nÃ. AhfpsS [ochpw F¶m hn\b]qÀhhpamb sNdp¯p\nev]pXs¶ HSphn hnPbw t\Sn. amXrktlmZcn a\knÃma\tkmsS A¶¡p«nbpsS aTw {]thi\¯n\v A\paXn \ÂIn.

1927þse ]´¡pkvXmZn\¯nÂ, A¶¡p«n `cW§m\w ¢mcaT¯n tNÀ¶p. aTwhI kvIqfn tNÀ¶v Ggmw¢mkv ]T\w AhÄ ]qÀ¯nbm¡n. XpSÀ¶p hmg¸Ån Fw.F¨v. kvIqfn tNÀ¶v F«mw¢mkv ]T\w \S¯m³ N§\mticn ¢mcaT¯n AhÄ Xmakn¨p. 1923 HmKÌv cWvSn\v AÂt^m³km F¶ t]cp kzoIcn¨ A¶ AÀYn\nbpsS intcmhkv{Xw kzoIcn¨p. 1930 tabv 19þ\v k\ymkhkv{Xhpw kzoIcn¨p. tcmKw ]nSns]«Xn\m hmg¡pfw kvIqfnse H¼Xmw¢mkv ]T\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ AÂt^m³km½bv¡p IgnªnÃ. ]n¶oSv HcphÀjw hmI¡mSp kvIqfn A[ym]nIbmbn tkh\a\pjvTn¨p.

1935 HmKÌv 12þ\v Bcw`n¨ \hk\ymk ]cnioe\w ]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ hfsc Kuchamb AkpJw ImcWw AÂt^m³kmbv¡p Ignbptam F¶p kwibapWvSmbn. AÂt^m³kmbpw AhfpsS k\ymkn\n kaqlhpw ]pWyNcnX\mb Nmhd Ipcymt¡mkv Genbmk¨sâ a[yØyw bmNn¨p {]mÀYn¨Xns\¯pSÀ¶v AÛpXIcamb tcmKim´n e`n¨p. 1936 HmKÌv 12þ\mbncp¶p knÌÀ AÂt^m³kmbpsS \nXy{hX hmKvZm\w \S¶Xv.

XpSÀ¶pÅ ]¯phÀjw B k\ymkn\nsb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw ]ehn[ tcmKbmX\IfptSXmbncp¶p. FÃm thZ\Ifpw £atbmsS kln¨v, FÃmw ssZh¯neÀ¸n¨v AhÄ Bßhnip²oIcWw t\Sn. 1940 HIvtSm_À 18þse kÔymthfbn aäp ktlmZcnamÀ {]mÀY\bnembncns¡, aT¯n {]thin¨ Hcp IÅs\¡WvSp `b¶ knÌÀ AÂt^m³k At_m[mhØbnembn. t_m[w Xncn¨pIn«nsb¦nepw HmÀabpw _p²nbpw Gsd¡psd \in¨p Zb\obmhØbn Ignª AÂt^m³kmbv¡v AÛpXIcambn HmÀaiàn Xncn¨pIn«n. F¦nepw amdnamdn ]nSns]« ]eXcw tcmK§fpw CSbv¡nsS iànbmbpWvSmImdpWvSmbncp¶ ]mchiyhpw Ahsf At§bäw ]cn£oWbm¡n. FÃmw ssZh¯neÀ¸n¨p ssZhlnX¯n\p ]qÀWambpw hnt[bbmbn Pohn¨ AÂt^m³kmbv¡p ssZhnIm\p`qXnbpsS ZnhyISm£w e`yambncp¶psh¶ Imcyw At¸mtg¡pw Nnesc¦nepw AdnªpIgnªncp¶p.

1946 Pqsse 28þ\v Hcp ]mchiys¯¯pSÀ¶p knÌÀ AÂt^m³k acWaSªp. F¶m B acWw Gsdsbm¶pw s]mXpP\{i² BIÀjn¨nÃ. hfsc¡pd¨p t]À am{Xw kw_Ôn¨ kwkvImc¨S§pIÄ Gähpw efnXambncp¶p. F¶m AÂt^m³km½bpsS Ip¼kmc¡mc\mbncp¶ ^m.tdmapfqkv kn.Fw.sF \S¯nb Nca{]kwK¯n {]hN\wt]mse Hcp Imcyw ]dªp. B I\ymkv{XobpsS lrZb ]cnip²n icn¡pw a\knem¡m³ Ignªncp¶ At±lw `cW§m\w `mhnbn Hcp enkyp BIpsa¶mWp ]dªXv.

A½ kvt\ln¨ncp¶, sIm¨pIp«nIÄ AhfpsS A\mÀ`Samb IpgnamS¯n¦Â sagpIpXncn sImfp¯nh¨v, ]q¡fÀ¸n¨v {]mÀYn¨ph¶p. A½tbmSp {]mÀYn¨v A\p{Kl§Ä X§Ä¡p e`n¡p¶psh¶ Imcyw AhÀ apXnÀ¶htcmSpw ]dªp. ]ns¶¸ns¶ hnhcw tI«dnªp hnZqcXbnÂ\n¶pt]mepw BfpIÄ AÂt^m³km½tbmSp {]mÀYn¡m³ AhfpsS am[yØw tXSn `cW§m\¯v AhfpsS I_dnS¯n¦se¯m³ XpS§n. AhfpsS am[yØw hgn A\p{Kl§Ä e`n¡p¶psh¶ hnhcw k`m[nImcnIfpw Kucht¯msS a\knem¡n.

1953þ ]mem cq]XbpsS {]Yam[y£³ amÀ sk_mÌy³ hben ]nXmhnsâ Ime¯mWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcW¯n\mbpÅ \S]SnIfmcw`n¨Xv. BhÀjw Unkw_À 12þ\v IÀZn\mÄ SnkdmMv AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcW¯n\mbpÅ cq]Xm tImSXn DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. "ssZhZmkn,' "[\y' ]ZhnIfneqsS IS¶ AhÄ {InkvXob kpIrX§Ä hotcmNnXambn A`ykn¨ncp¶hfmsW¶v, 1984 \hw_dn ]cnip² ]nXmhv HutZymKnIambn {]Jym]n¨p. kpZoÀLamb \maIcW \S]SnIfpsS ASp¯L«w, 1986 s^{_phcn F«n\v AÂt^m³km½sb hmgv¯s¸«hfmbn amÀ]m¸ HutZymKnIambn {]Jym]n¨tXmsS hnPbIcambn ]qÀ¯nbmbn.

Ct¸mÄ CXm AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ kphÀW \nanjhpw kamKXambncn¡p¶p. hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS a[yØXbn \S¶ Hcp AÛpX¯nsâ HutZymKnI ØncoIcWt¯msSbmWv AhÄ hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡s¸Sp¶Xv.

a®md¸md CShIbnse Hgps¯m«n jmPn þ enkn Z¼XnIfpsS cWvSmas¯ aI³ Pn\n 1998 tabv A©n\v, ImepIfpsS sshIeyt¯msS (Club feet of both side Talipes Equinovarus) bmWv P\n¨Xv. Gäpam\qÀ hnae Bip]{Xnbnembncp¶p Ip«nbpsS P\\w. tUm.Genbm½ tImc Fw._n._n.Fkv Un.Pn.Hm bpsS \nÀtZi{]Imcw NnInÕ \S¯nsb¦nepw ^esam¶papWvSmbnÃ. CShI hnImcnbpsS D]tZim\pkcWw, hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yØw At]£n¨p `cW§m\¯v A½bpsS I_dnS¯n¦se¯n Ip«nsb I_dnS¯n\pta InS¯n {]mÀYn¨p. sshIpt¶cw Im¸p´ebnepÅ amXrKrl¯nse¯n Ip«nsb Xdbnencp¯n FÃmhcpw {]mÀY\bn apgpInbncns¡ Ip«n FWoäp apdnbneqsS \S¶p. {]mÀY\mapdnbnse hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS Nn{Xw NqWvSn¡m«nbn«v "Cu A¶¶½' (AÂt^m³km½)bmWv Fs¶ \S¯p¶Xv F¶p Ip«n ]dªXptI«v FÃmhcpw kt´mjm[nIyt¯msS s]m«n¡cªp. AhÀ Ip«nbpambn hoWvSpw `cW§m\s¯¯n. sshkv t]mÌpteäÀ ^m.{^m³knkv hSt¡en\v tcmKkuJy hnhc§Ä FgpXn kaÀ¸n¨p.

sshkv t]mÌpteäd¨³ Cu AÛpX kpJ{]m]vXn kw_Ôn¨pÅ hnhc§Ä, tdmanepÅ t]mÌpteäÀ ^m. eq¡m Un tdmkv H.F^v.F½ns\ tcJmaqew Adnbn¨p. XpSÀ¶p cq]Xbn \maIcW \S]SnIÄ Bcw`n¡m³, t]mÌpteäÀ, cq]Xm[y£³ amÀ tPmk^v ]Ån¡m]d¼nent\mSv tcJmaqew Bhiys¸SpIbpw cq]Xm[y£³ sshkv t]mÌpteäd¨s\ AXn\p NpaXes¸Sp¯pIbpw sNbvXp.

2002 s^{_phcn 26þ\v amÀ tPmk^v ]Ån¡m]d¼nÂ, \maIcW¯n\mbpÅ tImSXnbpsS DZvLmS\w \nÀhln¨p. cmhnse H¼Xp apX sshIpt¶cw A©phsc kabw sNehgn¨pÅ 40 knänwKpIfneqsS 40 BfpIfpambn kphniZamb A`napJw \S¯n. \maIcWt¡mSXn, {]kvXpX tcmKkuJyw AÂt^m³km½bpsS am[yدm \S¶XmsW¶v Dd¸m¡n. AÛpXw kw_Ôn¨pÅ km£nsamgnIÄ tcJs¸Sp¯nbXp s]«nbnem¡n ap{Zh¨p UÂlnbnepÅ s{]mþ\q¬tjym aptJ\ {]kvXpX tcJIÄ tdman F¯n¨p.

tdman _lpam\s¸« ]ů¨³ tcJIfpsS cXv\¨pcp¡w tIm¬{KtKj³ Hm^v skbn³kn\p \ÂIn. A©v tUmIvSÀamÀ {]kvXpX tIkv hniZambn ]Tn¨v 2006 amÀ¨v 23þ\v GIIWvTambn AÛpXw AwKoIcn¨v ØncoIcn¨p. ]n¶oSv Cu dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ XntbmfPn¡Â Iu¬kn ]cntim[n¨p. Iu¬knense Ggv AwK§fpw 2006 Pqsse 15þ\v AÛpXw ØncoIcn¨p tcJIfn H¸ph¨p. ]n¶oSv 2007 P\phcn ]¯n\v IÀZn\mÄamcpsS Iu¬kn tcJIÄ AwKoIcn¨p ØncoIcn¨v H¸ph¨p.

2007 Pq¬ H¶n\p ]nXmhv s_\UnIvSv ]Xn\mdma³ amÀ]m¸ hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\p \maIcWt¡mSXn kaÀ¸n¨ AÛpX tcmKim´n kw_Ôn¨ tcJIÄ ØncoIcn¨v H¸ph¨p. 

IpSamfqÀ AÂt^m³kmKrl¯n 
BËmZw AeXÃn

tPman Ipcymt¡mkv

tIm«bw: AÂt^m³km½ sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡psa¶pÅ Adnbn¸v e`n¨tXmsS IpSamfqÀ AÂt^m³kmKrl¯n BlvfmZw AeXÃn. hmgv¯s¸« A t^m³km½sb HIvtSm_À 12 RmbdmgvN hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡psa¶pÅ Adnbn¸v h¶tXmsS AÂt^m³kmKrl¯nte¡v `àcpsS \nebv¡m¯ {]hmlw. tdman _\UnIväv ]Xn\mdma³ amÀ¸m¸ hmgv¯s¸« A t^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶ Znhkw Ipamfqcn e`n¨tXmsS AÂt^m ³km Krl¯nte¡v hnizmknIfpsSbpw ASp¯_Ôp¡fpsSbpw Hgp¡mbncp¶p.

AÂt^m³km Krl¯nt\mS\p_Ôn¨pÅ Nm¸en i\nbmgvN sshIpt¶cw 3.30 \p Znhymcm[\ \S¶p. hnImcn ^m. tPmÀPv IqS¯nÂ, ^m.tPmk^v \mÂ]XmwIfw, ^m.BâWn ]ůpIpgn, aZÀ kp¸ocnbÀ ImÀ½Â F¶nhÀ t\XrXzw \ÂIn. P·Krl¯n _Ôp¡fpw hnizmknIÄ H¯pIqSn Zo]wsXfn¨v {]mÀY\ \S¯n. hnip²bmbn {]Jy]n¡p¶ HIvtSm_À 12 \p hn]peamb ]cn]mSnIfmWv IpSamfqÀ CShI sN¿p¶Xv.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS aq¯ ktlmZcn s]®½bpsS aIÄ sXd½ (t{Xkym½) AÂt^m³km Krl¯n F¯n {]mÀY\bn ]s¦Sp¯p. sXdm½bpsS aI³ täman tPmkv, tämanbpsS a¡Ä änâp, än¦n F¶nhcpw sXdm½bpsS IqsS {]mÀY\bv¡mbn F¯n. AÂt^m³km½sb hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶psh¶ Adnbn¸v "F\n¡v hfsc kt´mjhpw ssZhm\p{Kl¯nsâ henb \nanj§fpamWv k½m\n¨sX¶v' sXd½ ]dªp. 1973 {^m³knkv¡³ ¢mc kaql¯n\p ho Sp sImSp¡p¶tXmsSbmWv sXd½ ChnsS \n¶p amdn Xmakn¡p¶Xv. Ct¸mgs¯ AÂt^mÂkm Krl¯nemWv A¶phsc sXd½ Xmakn¨Xv.

sXd½bpsS ]gq¸d¼nse ho«n AÂt^m³ km½ D]tbmKn¨Xpw _Ôp¡Ä¡p \ÂInbXpamb km[\§Ä Ct¸mgpw NnÃn« Iq«n \n[nt]mse kq£n¨n«pWvSv.

AÂt^m³km½ acn¡p¶Xn\p ap¼v aq¯ktlmZcn s]®½bv¡p FgpXnb I¯v, Ipcninsâ cq]w, AÂt^m ³km½ ]nXmhn\p \ÂInb s_µn§w, AÂt^m³km½ Xs¶ Xbn¨v D]tbmKn¨ncp¶ XeapWvSnsâ Hcp`mKw, AÂt^m³km½bpsS IÃdbn \n¶p FSp¯ s]«nbpsS s]mSn, IÃdbv¡pÅnse aWÂ, \nXymcm[\ ]pkvXIw XpS§n \nch[n km[\§fmWv \n[n t]mse kq£n¨ncn¡p¶Xv.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnip² ]Zhn: 
tImfbmSv BËmZ¯nÂ

1986 s^{_hcn F«n\v AÂt^m³km½sb tPm¬ t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸ hmgv¯s¸«hfmbn {]Jym]n¨ AtXhÀjw PqssebnÂXs¶ tImfbmSv hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km tZhmebhpw sh©cn¨p. 2001 HIvtSm_À \men\v Cu tZhmebs¯ XoÀYmS\ tI{µambpw {]Jym]n¨p.

kn.sI Ipcym¨³

I®qÀ: hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½sb HIvtSm_À 12þ\v hnip²cpsS KW¯nte¡v DbÀ¯psa¶ {]Jym]\w h¶ tXm sS tImfbmSv CShIbpw Xeticn AXncq]Xbpw BËmZ¯nÂ. hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m ³km½bpsS t]cnepÅ B Zys¯ tZhmebamWp Xeticn AXncq]Xbnse tImfbm«pÅXv. tImfbmSn\pw Xeticn AXncq]Xbv¡pw Cu _lpaXn e`n¡m³ CSbmbXp AXncq]XbpsS {]Ya sa{Xm\mbncp¶ amÀ sk_mÌy³ htÅm¸nÅn¡v AÂt^m³km½bpambn D WvSmbncp¶ ASp¯ ]cnNbambncp¶p.

\maIcW \S]SnIÄ¡p tdman Xocpam\amb DSs\Xs¶ AÂt^m³km½bpsS t]cn ]Ån]Wnbm³ A\phmZw tNmZn¨psImWvSv amÀ htÅm¸nÅn tdmante¡p Is¯gpXn. t]cphnfn¨p Ignªm A\paXn \ ÂImsa¶v Adnbn¸p e`n¨p. C X\pkcn¨v 1985 Pqsse 28þ\v ]nXmhv tZhmeb¯n\p Xd¡Ãn«p.

1986 s^{_hcn F«n\v A  t^m³km½sb tPm¬ t]m Ä cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸ hmgv¯ s¸«hfmbn {]Jym]n¨pIgnª AtXhÀjw PqssebnÂXs¶ tImfbmSv hmgv¯s¸« A t^m³km tZhmebhpw sh©cn¨p.

Bbnc¡W¡n\p hnizmknIfpsS km¶n[y¯n amÀ sk_mÌy³ htÅm¸nÅn, tUm. amIvkvsh s\mtdmW, kndnÄ amÀ _tkentbmkv, amÀ sk_mÌy³ a¦pgn¡cn F¶o _nj¸pamcpsS ImÀanIXz¯nemWp hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS Xncptijn¸v A¶p ]Ånbn {]XnjvTn¨Xv.

]n¶oSv 2001 HIvtSm_À \men\v Cu tZhmebs¯ AXncq]Xm XoÀYmS\ tI{µambpw {]Jym]n¨p.

FÃm hÀjhpw Pqsse amk¯n ChnsS \S¯p¶ Xncp\mfn\pw s\mth\bv¡pw AXncq]XbpsS an¡{]tZi§fn \n¶pw Bbnc¡W¡n\p hnizmknIÄ F¯nt¨cmdpWvSv.

AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnip²]Zhn {]Jym]\w HIvtSm_À 12þ\v \S¯psa¶ Adnbn¸p ]pd¯p h¶Xns\¯pSÀ¶v C ¶se tImfbmSv ]Ånbn {]tXyI {]mÀY\ \S¯n. hnip²]Zhn {]Jym]\w hn]peam bn BtLmjn¡p¶Xn\pÅ ]²XnIÄ¡v DS³ cq]w \ÂIpsa¶p hnImcn ^m.AKÌn³ Ddp¼pIm«n Zo]nItbmSp ]dªp.

ae_mdnse§pw AÂt^m³km½tbmSpÅ BZchv hfÀ¯p¶Xn amÀ sk_mÌy³ htÅm¸nÅn {]tXyIamb XmXv]cysaSp¯ncp¶p. AÂt^m³km½bpsS hnizmk¯nsâ Bghpw PohnX hnip²nbpw t\cn«p IWvSdnªn«pÅ ]nXmhn\v AÂt^m³km½ hnip² ]Zhnbnse¯psa¶v Dd¨ hnizmkapWvSmbncp¶p. ]utcmlnXyw kzoIcn¨ tijw 1946þ `cW§m\w skâv tacokv sslkvIqfn A [ym ]I\mbn tkh\a\pjvTn¡p¶ Ime¯mWv At±lw A t^m³km½sb ]cnNbs¸Sp¶X.v Ahibmbn InS¸nembncp¶p At¸mÄ AÂt^m³km ½. AÂt^m³km½bpsS kl\iànbpw AÛpXkn²nIfpw t\cn«p a\knem¡m³ A§s\ At±l¯n\p Ignªp.

]n¶oSv AÂt^m³km½bpsS acWtijw B ]pWyhXnbpsS am[yØw tXSn {]mÀYn¡m³ ]nXmhv D]tZin¨ncp¶p. Hcn¡Â At±lw hb\m«nse ItÃmSnbn ]Ån kµÀi\¯n\p t]mbt¸mÄ CcpImev]mZ§fpw Xncnªpt]mbncn¡p¶ Hcp Ip«n Du¶phSnIp¯n \S¡p¶Xp IWvSp. A_vZpÅ F¶p t]cpÅ B Ip«nsb AcnIn hnfn¨v Imcy§Ä At\zjn¨p. P·\m DÅ sshIeyamWsX¶p a\knem¡nb ]nXmhv AÂt^m³km½bpsS {]mÀY\bS§nb Hcp ]Sw A_vZpÅbv¡p \ÂIns¡mWvSv AXnepÅ {]mÀY\ Znhkhpw sNmÃm³ \nÀtZin¨p. Imep t\scbmIpsa¶v Biwkn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Xncnªncp¶ Imev]mZ§Ä t\scbmb kw`hw X\n¡dnbmsa¶pw {]mÀYn¨m AÂt^m³km½ Dt]£n¡nsöpw ]nXmhv A_vZpÅsb ]dªp a\knem¡n.

Iptd \mfpIÄ¡p tijw A_vZpÅbpw Ahsâ ]nXmhpw IqSn Xeticn _nj]vkv lukn ]nXmhns\ IWms\¯n. {]mÀY\bpsS iànbm Ip«nbpsS CcpImepIfpw icnbmb hnhcw AhÀ ]nXmhns\ Adnbn¨p. kw`h§sfÃmw hniZambn AhcnÂ\n¶pw FgpXn H¸n«p hm§nb ]nXmhv AXv AÂt^m³km½bpsS \maIcW \S]SnIÄ \S¯ns¡mWvSncp¶ tImSXn¡v Ab¨psImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. ]n¶oSv amÀ htÅm¸nÅnbpsS ]³Kman bmb BÀ¨v _nj]v amÀ tPmÀPv henbaähpw A  t^m ³km½tbmSp `àn hfÀ¯p¶Xn \nÀWmbI ]¦p hln¨p. C¶v Xeticn AXncq]Xbn s]cn¦ncn, apWvSm\qÀ, Gäp]md, NmhdKncn, I¼ÃqÀ CShIIÄ AÂt^m³km½bpsS \mat[b¯nepÅXmWv.

hnip²]Zhnbnte¡v AÂt^m³km½bvs¡m¸w

{]mÀY\ PohnXam¡nb Kämt\m

"Hcp hnip²³ acn¨p!' ^m.Kämt\m F³dnt¡mbpsS acWhmÀ¯ tI«t¸mÄ C§s\bmbncp¶p sk¡³Un¥nbmt\m {KmahmknIfpsS {]XnIcWw. B {KmaoWcpsS {]hN\w HIvtSm_À 12\v bmYmÀYyamIpw.

1971 HIvtSm_À 19\v Cäenbnse t\¸nÄknsâ hS¡³ AXnÀ¯nbnepÅ sk¡³Un¥nbmt\mbnembncp¶p Kämt\m F³dnt¡mbpsS P\\w. ]nXmhv Cämenb³ `£Wamb ]mkvX \nÀamWime \S¯n¸pImc\pw A½ Xp¶Â¡mcnbpambncp¶p. H³]Xp a¡fn cWvSma\mbncp¶p Kämt\m.

sNdp¸¯n Xs¶ ASnbpd¨ ssZhhnizmknbmbncp¶ Kämt\m skan\mcnbn tNcm³ At¶ XmXv]cyw {]ISn¸n¨p. 14þmw hbkn skan\mcnbn tNcm\mbn \ÂInb At]£ XÅs¸«p. ]n¶oSv 16þmw hbkn At±lw t\¸nÄkv BÀ¨vUtbmknjy³ skan\mcnbn tNÀ¶p. A¡mes¯ms¡ apgph³ kabhpw At±lw {]mÀY\bv¡pw PohImcpWy{]hÀ¯\§Ä¡pambn hn\ntbmKn¨p.

1815 sk]vXw_À 23\v At±lw ]utcmlnXyw kzoIcn¨p. ]n¶oSv Iptd¡mew A[ym]I\mbn tPmensNbvXp. 1818 Hcp Znhkw {]mÀY\m \ncX\mbncns¡bmWv At±l¯nsâ PohnXs¯bmsI amänadn¨ kw`hapWvSmIp¶Xv. skâv AÂt^m³kkv entKmdn kz]v\¯n {]Xy£s¸«v ZpJ§fpsS cmÚnbpsS \ma¯n ]pXnsbmcp k`m Iq«mbvabpWvSm¡m³ ^m. Kämt\mtbmSv Bhiys¸«p.

CXp{]Imcw, Xt±ihmknIfpsS FXnÀ¸pIÄ hIhbv¡msX Gsd t¢i§Ä kln¨v At±lw sk¡³Un¥nbmt\mbn amXmhnsâ \ma¯n tZhmebw ]WnXp.

]pXnb k`mIq«mbva {InkvXphnsâbpw amXmhnsâbpw hnip² lrZb§fpsS _lpaXn¡mbncn¡Ww F¶v hoWvSpw ZÀi\apWvSmbXns\ XpSÀ¶v At±lw Xs¶Xs¶bpw k`sbbpw hnip²lrZb§Ä¡p thWvSn kaÀ¸n¨p.

1836 amÀ¨v 14\v At±lw Xsâ k`m Iq«mbvabv¡v AwKoImcw t\SnsbSp¯p. 1946 HmKÌv 7\v ]pXnb k`bv¡v hmgv¯s¸« H³]Xmw ]obqkv A´na AwKoImcw \ÂIn. ^m. Kämt\msb kp¸ocnbÀ P\depambn {]Jym]n¨p.

\nc´cambn ap«n³ta \n¶pÅ {]mÀY\bneqsSbmbncp¶p ^m. Kämt\m ssZhhpambn kwthZn¨ncp¶Xv. At±lw an¡t¸mgpw D]hmkw A\pjvTn¨ncp¶p. AXp FÃmbvt¸mgpw Xsâ ]¦v `£Ww hni¡p¶hÀ¡p sImSp¡m³ thWvSnbmbncp¶p. 1860 HIvtSm_À 29\v At±lw ClttemIhmkw shSnªp.

]ckv]cw kvt\ln¡pI \½psS \nba§tfmSv PmKcqIcmbncn¡pIþ F¶Xmbncp¶p At±lw Xsâ anj\dnamÀ¡p \ÂInb acW]{XnI.

1876 entbm ]Xnaq¶ma³ amÀ]m¸ At±ls¯ [\y\mbn {]Jym]n¨p. 2001 G{]n 24\v tPm¬ t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸ At±ls¯ hmgv¯s¸«h\mbn {]Jym]n¨p.

hnip²]Zhnbntes¡¯p¶ Aevamb h\nX

hnip²]Zhnbntes¡¯p¶ Hcp Aevamb h\nXbmWv \mÀ¨nk Un Pokkv amÀ«ntem tamdm³. FIztUmdse KbmknepÅ t\mt_mkv F¶ Øe¯v 1832 HIvtSm_À 29\mbncp¶p \mÀ¨nkbpsS P\\w.

]nXmhv s]t{Um amÀ«ntem tamkvsIzd. amXmhv tPmk^n\ tamdm³. IÀjIIpSpw_ambncp¶p \mÀ¨kbptSXv. \mÀ¨nkbpsS sNdp{]mb¯n Xs¶ amXm]nXm¡Ä acn¨p. ]n¶oSpÅ ]Xn\©p hÀjw KzmbmIzn F¶ Øe¯v Xp¶Â¡mcnbmbn Pohn¨v AXn \n¶pÅ hcpam\¯m Cfb ktlmZc§sf hfÀ¯n.

At¸mgpw Xs¶¡mÄ ]mhs¸«hsc X¶memhpw hn[w \mÀ¨nk klmbn¨p t]m¶p. AhÄ hnhmlw Ign¨nÃ. an¨apÅ kabw {]mÀY\bn sNehgn¡p¶Xmbncp¶p \mÀ¨nkbv¡p XmXv]cyw. 1868 sUman\njy³ k\ymknamcpsS ena F¶ Øe¯pÅ Hcp aT¯n \mÀ¨nk tPmen¡mcnbmbn tNÀ¶p. AhÄ Hcn¡epw {hXhmKvZm\w \S¯nbnÃ.

acWw hscbpw Hcp km[mcW¡mcnbmbn Pohn¨p. ]t£ Akm[mcWambn H¶pWvSmbncp¶pþZnhkhpw F«p aWn¡qtdmfw \ofp¶ {]mÀY\.

Xo{hhncànbnembncp¶p \mÀ¨nk B\µw IsWvS¯nbncp¶Xv. 1869 kzm`mhnI acWw kw`hn¨p. 1975 sk]vXw_À 27\v \mÀ¨nksb ssZhZmknbmbn {]Jym]n¨p.

1987 HIvtSm_À 23\v tPm¬t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ¸m¸ \mÀ¨nksb [\y bm bn{]Jym]n¨p. 1992 HIvtSm_À 25\v tPm¬t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ¸m¸m Xs¶ \mÀ¨okbpsS hmgv¯s¸S {]Jym]\hpw \S¯n.

]mh§fpsSbpw tcmKnIfpsSbpw t{]jnX

]mh§fptSbpw tcmKnIfptSbpw t{]jnX aZÀ acnb _ÀWmÀZ hnip² ]Zhnbnte¡v. A¼¯nbmdp hÀjw \oWvS k\ymk PohnX¯nse ap¸¯mdp hÀjhpw anjWdnbmbn kaÀ¸nX tkh\w A\pjvTn¨ hmgv¯s¸« _ÀWmZbpsS PohnXw F¡mehpw amXrIbmWv.

kznävkÀeUn Hcp IÀjI IpSpw_¯n 1848 sabv 28þ\mbncp¶p acnb _ÀWmÀZbpsS P\\w. {]mÀY\m\nÀ`chpw tkh\\njvThpamb PohnXambncp¶p Ip«n¡mew apXÂt¡ acnb \bn¨ncp¶Xv. k\ymk PohnXt¯mSv Xmev]cyw tXm¶nb acnb 1869þ {^m³knkvI³ tIm¬hâv Hm^v acnb lnÂ^v kaql¯n {]thin¨p. ChnsS t\mhnkv ankv{Skmbpw ]n¶oSv kp¸ocnbdmbpw tkh\a\pjvTn¨p.

FIztUmdnse t]mÀt«mhnbntPmbnse _nj]v aZÀ acnbsb anjWdn {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mbn £Wn¨p. h¯n¡msâ A\paXntbmsS 1888 PqWn Bdp k\ymkn\nIfpambn {^m³knkvI³ anjWdokv Hm^v tacn slÂ]v Hm^v {InÌy³kv F¶ k\ymk kaqlw Øm]n¡m\mbn tImWnte¡p t]mbn. AhnsS km[mcW¡mcpsS CSnbn tkh\a\pjvTn¨ aZÀ \nch[n k\ymk aT§fpw Øm]n¨p.

tcmK]oUIfm hebpt¼mgpw {]mÀY\bnepw XymKat\m`mh¯nepw aZÀ acnb _ÀWmÀZ {]XnkÔnIsf adnIS¶p. F¶m 1895þ aZdn\p FIztUmdnse tkh\w Ahkm\n¸nt¡WvSnh¶p.

AhnsS\n¶p ]Xn\©p k\ymkn\nIfpambn _lmbnse¯nb aZÀ ImÀSsP\bnse _nj]nsâ £W{]Imcw sImfw_nbbnse¯n. AhnsS kv{XoIÄ¡mbn 'H_vd ]nb' F¶ t]cn Bip]{Xn Bcw`n¨p. aZÀ Ahkm\ Imew hsc ChnsSbmWp IgnªXv. sImfw_nb, Hmkv{Snb, {_ko F¶nhnS§fn aZÀ k\ymk aT§Ä XpS§n. Hcp bYmÀY {^m³knkvI³ k\ymkn\nbpsS Bß hnip²ntbmsSbpw kaÀ]Wt¯mSpw Pohn¨ aZÀ _ÀWmZ k\ymkn\nIsf ssZh hgnbn hfÀ¯nsbSp¡p¶Xnepw {]tXyI {i² ]peÀ¯nbncp¶p. {^m³knkvI³ k\ymkn\n k`bpsS kp]ocnbdmbn aZÀ ap¸Xp hÀjw tkh\a\pjvTn¨p. {]XnkÔn L«§fnepw XfÀ¨Ifnepw aZdn\p Xm§mbn \n¶ncp¶Xv ]cnip² I\ymadnbt¯mSpÅ AN©e hnizmkambncp¶p.

{]mÀY\bpw tkh\hpw F§ns\ Hcpan¨p sImWvSp t]mImsa¶Xn\p aZdnsâ PohnXw amXrIbmWv. ssZhs¯ a\pjy\nse¯n¡pI a\pjys\ ssZh¯nse¯n¡pIþ aZÀ _ÀWmÀZbpsS PohnX hnip²nbnte¡pÅ ]mX CXmbncp¶p.

]mem: AÂt^m³k F¶ ]pWyhXnsb IWvSXpw kwkmcn¨Xpw kwkvImcNS§n ]s¦Sp¯Xpamb HmÀaIÄ ]¦nSpIbmWv `cW§m\w ¢mcaT¯nse knÌÀ t{Kkv, knÌÀ entbm t]mÄUv, knÌÀ BâWn tSmw, knÌÀ CeIvSm tacn F¶nhÀ.

AÂt^m³km½ Pohn¨p acn¨ aT¯n Ignbm³ km[n¨Xv `mKyambn ChÀ IcpXp¶p. kvIqfn ]Tn¡pt¼mgmWv ChÀ AÂt^m³km½sb ImWp¶Xv. kvIqfn\p kao]wXs¶bpÅ apdnbnemWv AÂt^m³km½ Xmakn¨ncp¶Xv. P\mebv¡nSbneqsS Ip«nIfpambn kwkmcn¡p¶Xn\v AÂt^m³km½ kabw IsWvS¯nbncp¶p.

HcpZnhkw kvIqfn t]mIp¶ hgn aT¯nse Hcp A½ acn¨p F¶p ]dbp¶Xp tI«p. kvIqÄ hn«pIgnªv knÌÀ t{Kkpw Iq«pImcpw kwkvImc¨S§pIfn ]s¦Sp¡m³ Xocpam\n¨p. hfsc sNdnb kwkvImc¨S§v. BfpIÄ XoÀ¯pw Ipdhv. kntÌgvkmWv iha©w Npa¡p¶Xv. iha©w ]Ånbn F¯n¡gnªt¸mgmWv AÂt^m³km½bmWv acn¨sX¶v R§Ä¡p a\knembXv. A¶v Nca{]kwKw \S¯nb ^m.tdmapfqkv ]dª hmNIw Ct¸mgpw R§Ä HmÀ¡p¶p, ""ChÄ ]pWyhXnbmWv.`mhnbn `cW§m\w XoÀYmS\tI{µamIpw.""

1950þ tIm¬shân tNÀ¶ ChÀ AÂt^m³km½ Pohn¨pacn¨ aT¯n a[pcamb HmÀaIfpambn {]mÀY\bn IgnbpIbmWv. Iq«n\mbn AÂt^m³km½bv¡v `£Ww ]mIs¸Sp¯nbncp¶ tacnt¨«¯nbpw.

`cW§m\w `ànkm{µambn

]mem: hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS `cW§m\s¯ I_dnSw {]mÀY\mKoX§fm `ànkm{µambn. hnip²bmbn {]Jym]n¡p¶Xn\pÅ XobXn Adnbn¨ i\nbmgvN \mSnsâ \m\m Zn¡pIfnÂ\n¶pw `cW§m\t¯¡v hnizmkn{]hmlambncp¶p.

D¨Ignªv aqt¶msS AÂt^m³km Nm¸en hnip²IpÀ_m\bpw {]tXyI {]mÀY\Ifpw \S¶p. Xsâ ZpxJ§sf kpIrX§fpw thZ\Isf tdmkm¸q¡fpam¡n AÂt^m³km½ Pohn¨p acn¨ `cW§m\w ¢mcaT¯nepw Bcm[\bpw {]tXyI {]mÀY\Ifpw \S¶p.

`mcXk`bpsS [\yaplqÀ¯¯n `cW§m\s¯ P\§Ä H¶S¦w BËmZ¯nemWv. H¸w {]mÀY\bnepw.