s_bvenbpsS A¨Snb{´w ]p\ÀP\n¡p¶p

tPman Ipcymt¡mkv

A£c\Kcnbmb tIm«b¯nsâ \mÄhgnNcn{X¯n knFwFkv {]kv F¶ t]cv kphÀWen]nIfn FgpX s¸«ncn¡p¶p Cw¥ojv anj\dn dh. _©an³ s_bven Øm]n¨ {]kv ]XnämWvSpIÄ¡Iw C´ybpsSXs¶ A`nam\kvXw`ambn amdn. s_©an³ s_bvenbpsS CÑmiànbn tIcf¯n \nÀan¨ {]kv \qämWvSpIÄ¡ptijw hoWvSpw HcpIq«w sshZnIÀ shfn¨t¯¡p sImWvSphcp¶p. C¶v B A¨pIqSw hoWvSpw tIm«b¯nsâ A£c{]`mXw ImWpw.

NmepIp¶v knFwFkv {]knsâ apdnbnÂ\n¶v, knFkvsF a[ytIcf almbnShIbpsS ssI]nSn¨p ]pdw temIs¯¯p¶ A¨pIqSw hoWvSpw hmÀ¯bmIp¶p. knFwFkv anj\dnamcpsS tIcf kµÀi\¯nsâ Ccp\qdmw hmÀjnImtLmj§fpsS `mKambn knFkvsF dn{Soäv skâdnemWp aebmfA¨SnbpsS ]nXmhv s_©an³ s_bven BZyambn tIcf¯n \nÀan¨ {]kv {]ZÀin¸n¡p¶Xv. cmhnse ]¯v apX s]mXpP\§Ä¡p ImWm\pÅ Ahkchpw Hcp¡nbn«pWvSv.

1816 tabv \men\v Cw¥WvSnÂ\n¶v C´ybnte¡p I¸Â Ibdnb s_bven Be¸pg PnÃbnemWv F¯nbXv. F¶m ]n¶oSp s_bvenbpsS X«Iw tIm«bambn. anjWdn {]hÀ¯\¯nsâ `mKambmWv s_bven F¯nbXv. F¦nepw AXn am{Xw HXp§n¡gnbm³ s_bven B{Kln¨ncp¶nÃ. CXp Xs¶bmWv A¨pIqS¯nsâ IWvSp]nSn¯Xnte¡v At±ls¯ F¯n¨Xv.

XncphnXmwIqÀ dknUâmbncp¶ tIW a¬tdm Bhiys¸«X\pkcn¨mWv s_bven tIm«b¯v F¯p¶Xv. kpdnbm\n¡mcpsS ]ptcmKXn¡mbn ss__nÄ k¼qÀW ]cn`mj Bcw`n¨p. ]cn`mj ]qÀ¯nbmIpt¼mÄ tIm¡¯bn A¨Sn¸n¡msa¶mWv a¬tdm IcpXnbXv. a{Zmkv Idkvt]mWvSnwKv I½nänbpsS klmbt¯msS CXv tIm«b¯v Xs¶ A¨Sn¡m\pÅ kuIcyw Hcp¡pIbmbncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v Cw¥WvSnÂ\n¶v knFwFkv tIm«bw anj\v A¨Snb{´w Ab¨p sImSp¯p.

A¨Sn b{´w h¶pIgnªt¸mÄ aebmfw A¨pIÄ Cà F¶ ]pXnb {]iv\w DZn¨p. XpSÀ¶v F³sskt¢m]oUnb {_n«m\n¡bn sImSp¯ncp¶ hnhc§sf ASnØm\am¡n ØehmknIfmb X«m³amcpsS klmbt¯msS aebmfw ssS¸pIÄ DWvSm¡n. aebmfw A¨Snb£c§fpsS P\bnXmhv F¶ t]cpw A§s\ Cu anjWdn¡v kz´ambn.

1821 tIcf¯nse BZys¯ ap{ZWmebambn knFwFkv {]kv {]hÀ¯\w XpS§n. 1824 sIm¨pIp«nIÄ¡v hmbn¡m³ Cw¥ojnÂ\n¶p ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nb IYIÄ F¶ BZy ]pkvXIw Cu {]knÂ\n¶pw ]pd¯nd§n. 1841 ]gb \nbaw DÄs¸« thZ]pkvXIw {]kn²oIcn¨p. XpSÀ¶v aebmfwþCw¥ojv \nLWvSp {]kn²oIcn¨p.1848 \hw_À 17\p aebmf¯nse H¶mas¯ hr¯m´]{Xw Úm\ \nt£]w ]pd¯nd¡n.

A¨Snime {]hÀ¯\amcw`n¨t¸mÄ Hcp {]kvsImWvSv hÀ¡pIÄ sNbvXpXoÀ¡m\mImsXbmbn. Ht¶m ctWvSm A¨Snb{´w IqSn thWsa¶v a{Zmkv I½nän¡v FgpXn ZoÀLImew Im¯ncp¶n«pw In«msX h¶t¸mÄ s_bven XSnsImWvSpÅ A¨Snb{´w \nÀan¡pIbmbncp¶p.

B[p\nIA¨SnbpsS D]ÚmXmhmb tPmlm³ Kp«³_ÀKv "Iebpw kmlknIXbpw' F¶p s_bvenbpsS IWvSp]nSn¯s¯ hntijn¸n¨p. s_bvenbpsS A¨pIqShpw Ncn{XXncptijn¸pIfpw Ct¸mgpw AtX]Sn knFwFkv tI{µ¯n kq£n¨n«pWvSv. ]gb A¨pIqS¯nÂ\n¶p hncnª ]pkvXI§fpw Ime¸ga bnepw Imcyamb tIm«wX«msX ImWm\mhpw.

s_bvenbpsS A¨Sn]co£W§Ä¡pw kmlknI {]bXv\§Ä¡psaÃmw km£yw hln¨Xp tIm«bw PnÃbmbncp¶p. CXmWp tIcf¯nse aebmfw A¨SnbpsS CuänÃhpw XdhmSpw. s_bven aebmf¯n\p \ÂInb kw`mh\ Aaqeysa¶p Imew hnebncp¯p¶p. ImcWw s_bvenbpsS ]mX ]n´pSÀ¶mWv \mw C¶p ImWp¶ B[p\nI A¨SncoXnbn F¯nbXv. tIm«bw tIcf¯nsâ A£c\Kcnbmbn hfÀ¶Xp ]n¡me Ncn{Xw.

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