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Ip«\m«pImsc tamln¸n¨ ]mt¡Pv |
2010 sk]väw_À A©v, B Znhkw Ip«\m«pImÀ ad¡nÃ. Be¸pg as¦m¼v an\n knhn tÌj\nte¡p ImteIq«n Ahsc¯n. DÕhOmbbnembncp¶p \mSv. ka{KhnIk\w e£yanSp¶ Ip«\mSv ]mt¡Pnsâ DZvLmS\w t\cn ImWm\pÅ Bthi¯nembncp¶p AhÀ. XIÀ¡s¸« ]cnØnXn ]p\xØm]n¡m\pw ImemIme§fmbn XpScp¶ Poht\m]m[nIsf kwc£n¡m\pw e£yan«psImWvSpÅ ]mt¡Pn AhÀ¡p henb {]Xo£bmbncp¶p. \jvSs¸«h apgph³ Xncns¨Sp¡m\mhnsænepw DÅsX¦nepw kwc£n¡msa¶hÀ IW¡pIq«n. F¶mÂ, H¶pw \S¶nsöp am{XaÃ, kz]v\§sfÃmw I¬ap¶n XIÀ¶Snbp¶Xp t\m¡n\nÂt¡WvS KXntISpw AhÀ¡pWvSmbn.
Fw.Fkv. kzman\mYsâ kz]v\w
Ip«\mSnsâ lrZbw sXm«dnª \m«pImc\pw temI{]ikvX Irjn imkv{XÚ\pamb tUm. Fw.Fkv. kzman\mYsâ \nÀtZi§fmWp tI{µkÀ¡mcnsâ AwKoImct¯msS Ip«\mSv ]mt¡Pnsâ cq]¯nse¯nbXv. Ip«\mSnsâ BhmkhyhØsb¡pdn¨pw ImÀjnItaJebpsS {]tXyIXIsf¡pdn¨pw ]Tn¨p dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIm³ tI{µIrjn a{´mebw tUm. Fw.Fkv kzman\mY³ ^utWvSjs\ NpaXes¸Sp¯n. Ip«\mSnsâ {]IrXncaWobXbpw ssPhk¼¯pw ImÀjnItaJebpw kwc£n¡m\pw \m«pImcpsS PohnX\nehmcw DbÀ¯m\pw DXIp¶ \nÀtZi§Ä ^utWvSj³ tI{µ¯n\p \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXp. C¡mcy¯n tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIfpsS CSs]S BhiyamsW¶pw At±lw dnt¸mÀ«n FgpXn.
]mgmbXv 1,840 tImSn
tIcfw tI{µ¯n\p kaÀ¸n¨ hniZamb t{]mPIvSv dnt¸mÀ«n (Un]nBÀ) ]mt¡Pn\v 2,509.1 tImSn cq] Bhiys¸«ncp¶p. tI{µw 1,840.4 tImSn A\phZn¨p. 2008 Pqssebn ]mt¡Pn\v AwKoImchpw \ÂIn. AwKoImcw In«n cWvSp hÀjw IgnªmWp ]²Xn DZvLmS\w sNbvXsX¦nepw 13þmw [\ImcyI½oj³ ]mt¡Pn\v 300 tImSn cq]IqSn A\phZn¨p. 2012 ]mt¡Pnsâ Imemh[n Ahkm\n¨t¸mÄ tIhew 382.15 tImSn cq] am{Xta sNehgn¡m\mbpÅq. Ip«\m«nse Bdv ImÀjnI taJeIfpsSbpw (Imb \ne§Ä, temhÀ Ip«\mSv, A¸À Ip«\mSv, t\mÀ¯v Ip«\mSv, ]pd¡cn Icn, ssh¡w Icn) kwXpenX hnIk\w ]²XnbpsS {][m\ e£yambncp¶p. Irjn, hn`h kwc£Ww, DXv]¶§fpsS D]tbmKw, {]IrXnbpsS X\na \ne\nÀ¯Â, s\ÂIrjnbpw aÕy¡rjnbpw, shÅs¸m¡ \nb{´Ww, I¶pImen hfÀ¯Â, ImÀjnI b{´§fpsS D]tbmKw, Iw]yq«ÀhXvIrX hnhchnÚm\tI{µ§Ä XpS§nbhsbÃmw ]mt¡Pnsâ `mK§fmbncp¶p. ]²XnbpsS \S¯n¸n\p PetkN\w, Irjn, tlmÀ«nIĨÀ anj³, ImÀjnI kÀhIemime, arKkwc£Ww, I¶pImen hnIk\ t_mÀUv, \mfntIc hnIk\t_mÀUv, aÕy_Ô\w, kmaqlyt£aw, ]cnØnXn, h\w, hnt\mZk©mcw F¶o 12 kÀ¡mÀ hIp¸pIÄ kPohambn CSs]SWsa¶pw \nÀtZiapWvSmbncp¶p. AX\pkcn¨pÅ hnlnXhpw ]²Xnbn hIbncp¯n.
hIp¸pIfpsS GtIm]\apWvSmbnÃ
]²Xn \S¸mt¡WvS hIp¸pIÄ X½n GtIm]\anÃmsX h¶tXmsS FÃmw NS§p XoÀ¡embn. shÅs¸m¡ \nb{´W¯n\p ]mS§fpsS ]pdw_WvSv \nÀan¡m\mbn 151 tImSn A\phZn¨Xmbncp¶p BZyL«w. ]pdw_WvSpIÄ iàam¡m³ Ipsd Øe§fn Icn¦Ãv sI«n. Ipsd Øe§fn XqWpw Ém_pw coXn D]tbmKn¨p. kzm[o\n¡m³ IgnhpÅhcpsS taJeIfnte¡p Icn¦Ãpw XqWpw Ém_pw btYjvSw sNs¶¯n. AhnsSsbm¶pw Bhiyw am\ZÞambnÃ. shÅs¡«pw Ips¯mgp¡papÅnS¯p Icn¦Ãv sI«nbXpanÃ. Imbensâbpw Bdnsâbpw bYmÀY Bgw Af¡msXbmWp ]ebnS§fnepw _WvSv kwc£n¡m³ XqWpIfpw Ém_pIfpw Øm]n¨Xv. 6.3 aoäÀ \ofapÅ Ém_pIÄ 7þ8 aoäÀ BgapÅ Øe§fn Øm]n¨XmWp {]iv\ambXv. ASn¯«nse¯mXncp¶ XqWpIÄ¡pw Ém_pIÄ¡pw ASnbneqsS shÅw _WvSv Xpf¨p ]mS§fnte¡v Cd§n. CXp ]ebnS§fnepw aShogvNbv¡p ImcWambn.
ssPh _WvSn\p ]Icw Icn¦Ãv
]¯phÀjs¯ shÅs¸m¡¯nsâ icmicn FSp¯p ]pdw_WvSnsâ Dbcw \nÝbn¡Wsa¶mbncp¶p \nÀtZiw. F¶m 25 hÀjs¯ icmicn IW¡nseSp¯Xpaqew _WvSnsâ Dbcw Ipdªp. ]pdw_WvSv IgnhXpw I«nbpÅ Ifna®n XoÀ¡Wsa¶pw (ssPh _WvSv) Dd¸nÃm¯ Øe§fn sN¯m¯ IÃpIÄ D]tbmKn¡Wsa¶pw Xocpam\apWvSmbncps¶¦nepw H¶pw ]men¡s¸«nÃ. Pekky§fpsSbpw PePohnIfpsSbpw BhmkhyhØ kwc£n¡m³ thWvSnbmbncp¶p B \nÀtZiw. F¶mÂ, an¡bnS§fnepw tIm¬{Ioäv XqWpIfpw Ém_pIfpamWp Øm]n¨Xv. CXp ]pdw_WvSn ]pgbpsSbpw Imbensâbpw Hmc¯p Øm]n¡msX _WvSnsâ DÄ`mK¯p ]mS§tfmSp tNÀ¶p Øm]n¨ncps¶¦n IqSpX {]tbmP\apWvSmIpambncp¶p. dmWn, Nn¯nc ImbepIfpsS ]pdw_WvSv _es¸Sp¯m\pw ]¼bmänse Hmcpap«pIÄ \o¡w sN¿m\pw 40 tImSn cq] A\phZn¨ncp¶p. Hmcpap«pIÄ `mKnIambn«msW¦nepw \o¡nbXphgn ]¼m\Znbnse Hgp¡v iàambn«pWvSv.
F.kn I\men\pw im]tam£w In«nbnÃ
Ip«\mSnsâ BhmkhyhØsb XInSwadn¨ X®oÀap¡w _WvSnsâ ]p\cp²mcW¯n\v 160 tImSnbmWv A\phZn¨Xv. _WvSnsâ a[y`mKs¯ a¬Nnd \o¡wsNbvXp j«dpIÄ Øm]n¡m\pÅ ]Wn Bcw`n¨n«pWvSv. AXphgn Imbense thentbähpw thenbnd¡hpw kpKaamIpsa¶p {]Xo£n¡mw. hÀjIme¯v A©p \ZnIfn \n¶p th¼\m«pImben A[nIambn h¶ptNcp¶ shÅw ISente¡v Hgp¡p¶Xn\p Øm]n¨ tXm«¸Ån kv]nÂthbpsS \hoIcW¯n\v 18.9 tImSn cq] A\phZns¨¦nepw ]Wn XpS§m\mbn«nÃ. eoUnwKv Nm\ensâ hoXn Cc«nbm¡n 10 IntemaoäÀ \of¯n \nÀan¡m\mWp ]²Xn. F¶mÂ, ]pdw_WvSpIfn Xmakn¡p¶ Bbnc¡W¡n\p IpSpw_§sf IpSnsbmgn¸n¨p Nm\en\p hoXnIq«pI Akm[yamsW¶p a\knem¡nbt¸mtg¡pw Gsd sshIn. F.kn tdmUn\p kam´cambpÅ F.kn I\mensâ \hoIcW¯n\p hIbncp¯nb 80 tImSn cq] ]mgmsb¶p ]dbmw. CXphgn Ip«\mS³ Sqdnk¯nsâbpw PeKXmKX¯nsâbpw A\´km[yXIfmWp \jvSambXv.
]ip¡sf hm§nbhÀ ISs¡Wnbnembn
arKkwc£WhIp¸v GsäSp¯p \S¸m¡nb \ncWw Xmdmhp hfÀ¯Â tI{µ¯nsâ hnIk\w F§psa¯nbnÃ. aq¶p tImSncq] apS¡n Xangv\m«nÂ\n¶p sImWvSph¶p IÀjIÀ¡p hnXcWw sNbvX cWvSmbncw ]ip¡fn H«pan¡hbpw N¯p. ]ip¡sf hm§nbhÀ ISs¡Wnbnepambn. ]ebnS§fnembn Øm]n¨ BSp bqWnäpIfpw Xmdmhp bqWnäpIfpw e£yw ssIhcn¨nÃ. Icnao\pw BäpsIm©pw hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xn\pÅ ^njdokv hIp¸nsâ ]²Xn¡p `cWm\paXn e`ns¨¦nepw \S¸mbnÃ. th¼\m«pImbenepw ImbwIpfw Imbenepw IWvS ImSpIÄ h¨p]nSn¸n¡m\pÅ h\whIp¸nsâ {iaw Ipd¨p IWvSÂsNSnIÄ \Sp¶Xn Ahkm\n¨p. CXn\pthWvSn 50 e£w cq]bmWv A\phZn¨Xv. KpWta·bpÅ s\Âhn¯pIfpsS DXv]mZ\¯n\pw hnXcW¯n\pambn 7.5 tImSn cq] ]²Xnbn hIbncp¯n. F¶mÂ, amdp¶ ImemhØbv¡v CW§p¶ \Ãbn\w hn¯pIÄ DXv]mZn¸n¡m\mbnsöp am{XaÃ, IÀjIÀ¡v AXpsImWvSv Imcyamb {]tbmP\apWvSmbXpanÃ. agshÅ kw`cWnIÄ¡mbn hIbncp¯nbncp¶ cWvSc tImSn cq]bpw em]vkmbn. Bänse t]mf hmcnbpw, IShpIÄ hr¯nbm¡nbpw, ]pgbnepw Imbenepw Icn¦Ãpw tIm¬{Ioäv Ém_pandn¡nbpw, Xangv\m«n \n¶pÅ sImÃn¸ip¡sf hnXcWw sNbvXpw Ip«\mS³ hnIk\kz]v\§Ä¡pta ]²XnIÄ Icn\ng hogv¯pIbmbncp¶p. hnIk\¯nsâ t]cp]dªv Hcp {]tZis¯ P\§sf H¶msI I_fn¸n¨Xnsâ Gähpw \à DZmlcWamWp Ip«\mSv ]mt¡Pv.
F¶mÂ, aeshÅhpw ImbÂIbähpw ]p¯cnbÃm¯ Ip«\m«pImcpsS {]Xo£ C\nbpw \in¨n«nÃ. {]XnkÔnbn \n¶p IcIbdm\pÅ BÀPhXzhpw Icp¯pw AhÀ¡pWvSv.
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| Npäpw shÅw, IpSn¡m³ XpÅnbnà |  Ip«\m«nse ip²Pe ZuÀe`y¯nsâ bYmÀY CcIfnsemcmfmWp ssI\Icn Adp¶qäpw]mSw IqS¸pd¯p tSmw tPmk^v. sNdphůn Ie§fpw IpS§fpw _¡äpIfpw h¨p ]¼bmäneqsS ss]¸n³ NphSpIfnte¡p Xpgªpt]mIp¶ At\Icn HcmÄ. Sm¸neqsS shÅw | |
| | s\©pXIcp¶ BÀþt»m¡v ImgvN |  a\pjysâ _p²nssh`h¯n th¼\m«pImben hncnª AZv`pXamWv BÀþt»m¡v. 1932 ImbenÂ\n¶p Ip¯nsbSp¯ 1,450 G¡À. DSaIfmbn 625 Irjn¡mÀ. C¶Xnsâ InS¸pIWvSm s\©p XIcpw. sX§pIsfÃmw aWvSt]mbn XqWpt]msebmWp \n¡p¶Xv. am | |
| | Irjn A`nam\w, ]t£ kao]\w amdWw |  Ip«\m«pImÀ¡p Irjn A`nam\amWv. `qan XcninSp¶Xv A]am\hpw. Irjnbn F{X \jvSapWvSmbmepw AhÀ Imcyam¡nÃ. C\n Irjn¡nsöp ]dªp ]mS¯p\n¶p Ibdp¶h³ kabamIpt¼mÄ hoWvSpsa¯pw. _m¦n \n¶p tem¬ In«nbnæn t»UpImcn \ | |
| | Ip«\mSnsâ apJOmb amänb Fkn tdmUv |  XncpþsIm¨n kwØm\¯p kn. tIih³ apJya{´nbmbncn¡p¶ Imew. sI.Fw. tImcbmbncp¶p Ip«\mSv DÄs¸Sp¶ N§\mticn \ntbmPIaÞe¯nsâ {]Xn\n[n. `£yþ Irjn hIp¸v ssIImcyw sNbvXncp¶ a{´nbpw At±lambncp¶p. Ip«\mS³ IÀjIsâ thZ\I | |
| | {]IrXnsb IogS¡m³ {ian¨p; Xncn¨Sn In«n |  1940Ifn \m«n sImSnb Zmcn{Zhpw £mahpw s]m«n¸pds¸«p. CtX¯pSÀ¶p `£yhkvXp¡Ä IqSpX DXv]mZn¸n¡m³ Blzm\apWvSmbn. t{Km tamÀ ^pUv ]²Xnb\pkcn¨p Xcnip\ne§fnseÃmw Irjnbnd¡m³ kÀ¡mÀ \nÀtZiw \ÂIn. A¡me¯p Ip«\mS³ | |
| | X®oÀap¡w; th¼\mSnsâ Igp¯nse IbÀ |  ]c¼cmKX Ip«\mS³ IÀjI\mbncp¶p CÃn¡fw Ahdm¨³ F¶ tPm¬ G{_lmw. IpacIw kztZin. 1940Ifn ImbepÄs¸sS G¡dpIW¡n\p ]mSw Irjn sNbvXncp¶ hyàn. ISen\pw Imben\pw ]pgIÄ¡papWvSmIp¶ amäw ap³Iq«n IWvSdnªp Irjnbnd¡m³ Ig | |
| | s\Ãv hnfbn¡m³ IgnbmsX s\Ãd |  Imhmew hS¡³ shfnb\mSv Ipdp¸ticn a¯mbn tZhky F¶ sN¡À tZhkym¡v 95 hbkmbn. At±lw Ct¸mgpw AdnbmsX aqfp¶Xp sImbv¯p]m«pw N{IwNhn«p]m«pw. Ip«\mSns\ sXm«dnª ]gbIme IÀjI³. th¼\m«p ImbenÂ\n¶p ]mS§Ä Ip¯nsbSp¯ a | |
| | ]p¯³ IrjncoXnbn ]Xnbncp¶Xv A]ISw |  C´ybn lcnXhn¹hw {]Npc{]Nmcw t\Snb Imew. AXypXv]mZ\ tijnbpÅ hn¯pIÄ \nch[n ]pd¯nd§n. ]pXnb hn¯n\§fpsS hnfhp IWvSp IÀjIÀ Bthi`cnXcmbn. ]c¼cmKX hn¯pIÄ ]g©\mbn. 1960IfnepWvSmb tZiob ImÀjnI hnIk\ ]²Xnbn t | |
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