Npgens¡mSp¦mäv; HIvetlmabn 24 acWw

Cdm¡n kvt^mS\ ]c¼c XpScp¶p; 12 acWw

KmÔnPnbpsS hnÂ]{X¯n\pw cà¯n\pw aq¶p e£w ]uWvSv

`oIcm{IaW ]²Xn XIÀs¯¶p djy

C{am³ C¶v Bip]{Xn hnSpw

am³ _p¡À C¶v; A\´aqÀ¯n Npcp¡¸«nIbnÂ

dntbmknsâ in£ d±m¡n

A^vKm\nØm\n Bdp t]meokpImÀ sImÃs¸«p

Ir{Xna¡mepambn AcpWna FhdÌnÂ

Ajvd^v £a tNmZn¨p

hmjnwKvS¬: bpFknse HIvetlma \Kc¯nepw {]m´{]tZi§fnepw IgnªZnhkw hoinbSn¨ AXniàamb Npgens¡mSp¦mäv 24 t]cpsS Pohs\Sp¯p. Ip«nIfS¡w \nch[nt¸À¡p ]cnt¡äp.
acWkwJy 91 hsc DbÀ¶Xmbn t\ct¯ dnt¸mÀ«pWvSmbncp¶p.

cWvSv Fensaâdn kvIqfpIfpw Bip]{Xnbpw \nch[n `h\§fpw sI«nS§fpw Npgens¡mSp¦män XIÀ¶p. aq¶p Intemaoätdmfw hymkapÅ Npgens¡mSp¦mäv aWn¡qdn 320 IntemaoäÀ thK¯nemWv \Kcs¯ {]lcn¨Xv. 40 an\näpsImWvSv 32 IntemaoäÀ taJebn Npgens¡mSp¦mäv \miw hnX¨p. \Kc{]m´¯nepÅ aqdnemWv Gähpw IqSpX \mi\ãw.

aqdnse ¹mk Sthgvkv, {_bÀhpUv F¶o Fensaâdn kvIqfpIÄ XIÀ¶p. ¹mk ShÀ kvIqÄ ]qÀWambpw \new]cnimbn. ¹mk Sthgvkv Ahinã§Ä¡SnbnÂ\n¶v \nch[n Ip«nIsf Poht\msS ]pds¯Sp¯p.

Ip«nIfS¡w \nch[n t]À Ahinã§Ä¡Snbn IpSp§n¡nS¡p¶Xmbn kwibn¡p¶p. c£m{]hÀ¯\w ]ptcmKan¡pIbmsW¶pw acWkwJy DbÀt¶¡psa¶pw t]meokv Adnbn¨p. Npgens¡mSp¦mäns\¯pSÀ¶pWvSmb agbpw CSnan¶epw c£m{]hÀ¯\¯n\p XSkw krãn¨p.

HIvetlmasb Zpc´taJebmbn {]Jym]n¨ {]knUâv _dmIv H_ma ASnb´c ZpcnXmizmk klmb¯n\v D¯chn«p. CXn\pap¼v bpFkv t\cn« Gähpw henb Npgens¡mSp¦mäv Zpc´w 2011 tabnembncp¶p. ankqdnbnse tPm¹n\n 158 t]À A¶p acn¨p. 1925þ ankqdn, C³Uym\, CÃnt\mbn F¶nhnS§fnembn 695 t]À acn¨XmWv Gähpw henb Zpc´w.

_mKvZmZv: Cdm¡n kvt^mS\]c¼cIÄ XpScp¶p. InÀ¡p¡nepw SpkvJpÀamtSmbnepw _mKvZmZn\p hS¡pÅ XÀanbmbnepw C¶sebpWvSmb kvt^m S\§fn 12 t]À sImÃs¸«p. CtXmsS CubmgvN cmPy¯v kvt^mS\§fn acn¨hcpsS F®w Ccp¶qdn\p apIfnembn. IgnªZnhkapWvSmb kvt^mS\§fn Fgp]Xne[nIw t]À sImÃs¸«p.

C¶se InÀIp¡nse amÀ¡än ]mXtbmc¯v aq¶p kvt^mS\§fmWpWvSmbXv. Bdp t]À sImÃs¸«p. \nch[n I¶pImenI fpw N¯p. CdmJnse jnbm`qcn]£ kÀ¡mcpw IpÀZv hwiPcpw X½n XÀ¡apÅ ØeamWv InÀIp¡v. SpÀJpÀamtSmbnse ]mÀ¸nS taJebnepWvSmb cWvSp ImÀt_mw_v B{IaW§fn aq¶p t]À sImÃs¸«p. XÀanbmbnse sNIvt]mbnân NmthÀ s]m«ns¯dn¨v aq¶p ssk\nIÀ acn¨p.

eWvS³: KmÔnPnbpsS cà hpw hnÂ]{Xhpw AS¡apÅ hkvXp¡Ä aq¶p e£w ]uWvSn\v {_n«\n tee¯n hnäp. cWvSp t]PpÅ hnÂ]{X¯n\p am{Xw 55,000 ]uWvSv e`n¨p. KpPdm¯nbn FgpXnb hnÂ]{X¯n KmÔnPnbpsS H¸pWvSv.
AtXkabw KmÔnPnbpsS cà km¼nfn\v {]Xo£n¨{X hne e`n¨nÃ. 15,000 ]uWvSphsc {]Xo£ns¨¦nepw 7,000 ]uWvSm Wp e`n¨Xv. 1924 A¸³Unsskänkv Hm]tdj\ptijw kpJw{]m]n¡th KmÔnPnbnÂ\n¶v FSp¯XmWv Cu càkm¼nÄ. I®mSn¨nÃnemWv CXp kq£n¨ncn¡p¶Xv. B kab¯p At±lw Xmakn¨ncp¶ IpSpw_¯n\v Zm\w sN¿pIbmbncp¶p.

KmÔnPn Pqlp _o¨nse `h\¯n Xmakn¡th D]tbmKn¨ncp¶ tXmÂs¨cp¸v, At±lw \qä \qÂsImWvSv Xbmdm¡nb en\³ tjmÄ, t^mt«mIÄ, s]bnânwKpIÄ, HmUntbm dn¡mÀUnwKpIÄ XpS§nbhbpw tee¯n\p hbv¡s¸«p. en\³ tjmÄ 40,000 ]uWvSn\mWp teewsImWvSXv. CXnsâ ]IpXn hnetb {]Xo£n¨ncp¶pÅq. tXmÂs¨cp¸v 19,000 ]uWvSn\mWp hnäXv.

tamkvtIm: djy³ XeØm\amb tamkvtImbn `oIcm{IaW¯n\p ]²Xnbn« cWvSp t]sc h[n¨Xmbn tZiob Xn{hhmZhncp² I½än Adnbn¨p. Hcmsf Poht\msS ]nSnIqSn. aq¶pt]cpw djy³ ]uc³amcmsW¶mWp dnt¸mÀ«v.

tamkvtImbnÂ\n¶v 80 IntemaoäÀ Ing¡pÅ Hdnt¡mthmþkptbmhbn A{IanIÄ Hfn¨ncp¶ hoSv t]meokv hfbpIbmbncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v t]meokpambpÅ shSnhbv]n cWvSp t]À sImÃs¸«p.

Hcp t]meokpImc\v sNdnb ]cnt¡äp. F´pXcw B{IaW¯n\mWv ChÀ ]²Xnbn«sX¶p shfns¸Sp¯m³ A[nIrXÀ XbmdmbnÃ. F¶mÂ, ChÀ¡v A^vKm\nØm³þ]m¡nØm³ taJebn ]cnioe\w e`n¨n«psWvS¶p hyàam¡n.

emtlmÀ: sXcsªSp¸p dmen¡nsS hoWp NnInÕbnencp¶ ap³ {In¡ädpw sXlvcnIv C C³km^v ]mÀ«n t\Xmhpamb C{am³Jm³ C¶v Bip]{Xn hnSpw. C¶se At±lw ]cklmbanÃmsX GXm\pw Zqcw \S¶Xmbn Bip]{Xn A[nIrXÀ ]dªp. cWvSmgvNap¼p hoW C{amsâ \s«Ãn\p ]cnt¡äncp¶p. 11 \p \S¶ ]mIv sXcsªSp¸n At±l¯nsâ ]mÀ«n KWyamb t\«apWvSm¡n.

eWvS³: am³ _p¡À kmlnXy k½m\w C¶p {]Jym]n¡pw. I¶U kmlnXyImc³ tUm.bp.BÀ. A\´aqÀ¯nbS¡w 10 t]cmWp Npcp¡¸«nIbnepÅXv. Altdm³ B¸Âs^ÂUv (C{ktbÂ), enUnb tUhnUv (bpFkvF), C´nkmÀ lpssk³ (]m¡nØm³), bm³ enbm³ sI (ssN\), taco F³Unbmbv ({^m³kv) tbmkn]v s\mhmtImhn¨v (Im\U), acnen³ tdm_n³k¬ (bpFkvF), hvfmUnanÀ skmtdmIn³ (djy) ]oäÀ Ìmw (kznävkÀe³Uv) F¶nhcmWp aäpÅhÀ. 60,000 ]uWvSv (49 e£w cq]) BWv k½m\¯pI.

Kzm«name knän: Kzm«namebnse amb³ hwiPÀ Iq«s¡me sN¿s¸« tIkn ap³ ]«mf `cWm[nImcn Fs{^bv³ dntbmkn\p 80 hÀjw XShp hn[n¨ hnNmcWt¡mSXnbpsS \S]Sn `cWLS\m tImSXn d±m¡n. tIkn ]p\ÀhnNmcW \S¯m\pw D¯chn«p. C¡gnª ]¯n\mWv Fs{^bv³ dntbmkn\p in£ hn[n¨Xv. dntbmkv {]knUâmbncp¶ 1982þ83 Ime¯v 1771 amb³ hwiPsc sImÃm³ D¯chns«¶mWv tIkv.

Im_qÄ: sX¡³ A^vKm\nØm\nse slÂaµv {]hniybn Xmen_m³ Xo{hhmZnIÄ \S¯nb B{IaW¯n Bdp t]meokpImÀ sImÃs¸«p. Ggp t]À¡p ]cnt¡äp. sN¡v t]mbnâpIÄ tI{µoIcn¨mbncp¶p B{IaWw.

ImTvaÞp: HmSp¶ s{Sbn\nÂ\n¶p ]pds¯dnbs¸«p heXpIm apdn¨pamäs¸« tZiob thmfnt_mÄ Xmcw AcpWna kn³l F¶ Ccp]¯©pImcn FhdÌv sImSpapSn IogS¡n Ncn{Xw krãn¨p. FhdÌv IogS¡p¶ BZy imcocn I\yq\XbpÅ h\nXsb¶ _lpaXn C\n C´y¡mcnbmb AcpWnabv¡p kz´w. Smä {Kq¸nsâ Ct¡m FhdÌv FIvkvs]Unj³ {Kq¸n AwKamWv D¯À{]tZinse Awt_ZvIÀ \KÀ kztZin\nbmb AcpWna.

2011 G{]n 12\v ]ßmhXn FIvkv{]kv s{Sbn\n eIvt\mhnÂ\n¶v UÂln¡pÅ bm{Xmat[y kmaqlnI hncp²cpsS B{IaW¯n\ncbmb AcpWnasb, N§e hen¡m\pÅ {ia¯n\nsS A{IanIÄ P\d Iw]mÀ«vsaânÂ\n¶p ]pdt¯s¡dnbpIbmbncp¶p.

XpSÀ¶v ap«n\p Xmsgh¨v heXp Im apdn¨pamtäWvSXmbn h¶p. NnInÕbnencns¡bmWv C§s\sbmcp kmlk¯n\p apXncp¶ hnhcw Hcp sSenhnj³ Nm\eneqsS AcpWna temIs¯ Adnbn¨Xv.

FÃmhcpw klXm]t¯msS t\m¡p¶Xp IWvSp aSp¯p. Rm³ FhdÌv IogS¡ms\mcp§pIbmWvþ CXmbncp¶p AcpWnabpsS hm¡pIÄ. tIm¨pw ktlmZc\pw Gsd klmbn¨psh¶v AcpWna ]dbp¶p. FhdÌv Ibdp¶Xn\p apt¶mSnbmbn Ignª hÀjwXs¶ D¯cmJÞnse Smä Ìo AUz©À ^utWvSj\n AcpWna ]cnioe\w Bcw`n¨ncp¶p. ]cnioe\w \evInbXv FhdÌv IogS¡nb BZyh\nX _tN{µn ]mepw.

Ckvemam_mZv: AgnaXnt¡kn ap³ ]m¡nØm³ {]knUâv cmP ]Àthkv Ajvd^v ]m¡nØm³ kp{]owtImSXntbmSv D]m[nclnXambn £a tNmZn¨p. At\zjW¯n\v I½oj³ cq]oIcn¡Wsa¶v tImSXntbmSv Bhiys¸« Imcy¯nemWv £a tNmZn¨Xv.

cmP ]Àthkv ap¼v DuÀP a{´nbmbncnt¡ ]²XnIÄ Bcw`n¡p¶Xn BgnaXn \S¶psh¶mWv Btcm]Ww. At±ls¯ AdÌv sN¿m³ kp{]owtImSXn D¯chns«¦nepw At\zjWw \S¯p¶ \mjW A¡uWvS_nenän _yqtdm sXfnhpIfnsöp NqWvSn¡m«n \ncmIcn¨p. ]m¡nØm³ ]o]nÄkv ]mÀ«nbpsS apXnÀ¶ t\XmhpIqSnbmb Ajvd^v 11\p \S¶ sXcsªSp¸n tXmäncp¶p.