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kntPm
ss]\mS¯v
kn\na
F¶ \nebn ]gincmPsb CcpssIbpw
\o«n kzoIcn¨ B[p\nIaebmfn
tIcf¯nsâ hocknwlsa¶dnbs¸Sp¶
tIcfhÀ½ ]gincmPbpsS
bYmÀY PohnXs¯bpw kw`mh\Isfbpw
ASp¯dnbm³ {ian¨n«ptWvSm
F¶Xv Nn´\obamWv. HmkvIÀ
]cnthjapÅ tUmÄ_n kduWvSv
iЯnsâ ]©m¯e¯nÂ
A{`]mfnbn a½p«n
hmsfSp¯p hoipt¼mÄ
ssIbSn¨hÀ ]gincmP hmsfSp¯Xpw
h[n¡s¸«XpsaÃmw
F´n\pthWvSnbmbncp¶psh¶v
hmWnPykn\nabsS tNcphbnÃmsX
At\zjWw \St¯WvSXpWvSv.
]gincmP
F¶ kn\nasb aebmfn BtLmjn¨psImWvSncn¡pIbmWv.
a½p«n F¶ {]Xn`bpsS
A{`]mfnbnse Akmam\y {]IS\§fpw
aebmfkn\na¡p A]qÀÆm\p`hamb
]p¯³ kmt¦XnI¯nIhpIfpw
ka\zbn¡p¶ ]gincmP ImWm¯hÀ
hncfw. Xnbädnse¯pw apt¼
{]Xo£bpsS D¶Xnbnse¯nb
kn\na B {]Xo£IÄ sXäsöp
sXfnbn¨XmbmWv dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ.
kn\nabn a½p«nbmtWm
AtXm icXvIpamdmtWm icn¡pw hneknbsX¶Xns\¡pdn¨p
Hcp hn`mKw Bcm[IÀ¡nSbnÂ
\nÀWmbIaÃm¯ XÀ¡§Ä
\ne\n¡p¶sXmgn¨mÂ
]gincmPm icn¡pw cmPIobambn¯s¶
apt¶dpIbmWs{X. A¯cw XÀ¡§Ä
^m³kpImcpsS ]Xnhp \¼dpIfmsW¶mWvv
s]mXphnebncp¯Â.
A§s\
]gincmP kn\namt{]anIfpsSsb¶ t]mse
aäpÅhcpsSbpw {]nbs¸«Xmbn¡gnªp.
Nn{X¯nsâ \nIpXnbnÂ
Cfhphcp¯n kÀ¡mcpw
Cu henb knanabpsS BtLmj¯nÂ
]s¦Sp¯p. tKmh³ Ne¨n{Xtaf
Xgsª¦nepw Cu lcnlc³
Nn{X¯n\p thWvSn tImSXnhsc t]mbn
hmZn¡m³ BfpWvSmsb¶Xv
\nkmcImcyaÃ. kn\na F¶
\nebn ]gincmPsb CcpssIbpw \o«n
kzoIcn¨ B[p\nIaebmfn tIcf¯nsâ
hocknwlsa¶dnbs¸Sp¶
tIcfhÀ½ ]gincmPbpsS
bYmÀY PohnXs¯bpw kw`mh\Isfbpw
ASp¯dnbm³ {ian¨n«ptWvSm
F¶Xv Nn´\obamWv. HmkvIÀ
]cnthjapÅ tUmÄ_n kduWvSv
iЯnsâ ]©m¯e¯nÂ
a½p«n hmsfSp¯p hoipt¼mÄ
ssIbSn¨hÀ ]gincmP hmsfSp¯Xpw
h[n¡s¸«XpsaÃmw
F´n\pthWvSnbmbncp¶psh¶v
hmWnPykn\nabsS tNcphbnÃmsX
At\zjWw \St¯WvSXpWvSv.
Xe¡Â
N´p
]gincmPbsS
t\XrXz¯nepÅ IpdnNy¸SbpsS
Xeh\mbncp¶p Xe¡Â
N´p. Hfnt¸mcpIfpambn _Ôs¸«mWv
Xe¡Â N´phns\ Ncn{Xw
tcJs¸Sp¯p¶Xv. {_n«ojv
]«mfhpambn N´p \S¯nb
Hmfnt¸mcpIÄ {it²bamWv.
1805Â {_n«ojv ssk\y¯nsâ
]nSnbnemb N´phns\ B hÀjw
\hw_À ]Xn\©n\p Xq¡nteän.
ae_mdn Xe¡Â N´phnsâ
HmÀ½ \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\v
At±l¯nsâ kvamcIambn
hÀjw tXmdpw As¼bv¯paÕcw
\S¯p¶pWvSvv. ]gincmPNn{X¯nÂ
at\mPv sI.Pb\mWv Xe¡Â
N´phnsâ thjw AhXcn¸n¨Xv.
hn¹hhgnIfnte¡v
C¶s¯
I®qÀ PnÃbnse Iq¯p]d¼n\Sp¯p
\ne\n¶ncp¶ tIm«bw
cmPhwi¯n 1753 embncp¶p
tIcfhÀ½ ]gincmPbpsS
P\\w. ]pcfoizc·mÀ F¶pw
Cu cmPhwis¯ hnfn¨ncp¶Xmbn
tIcf Ncn{Xw ]dbp¶p. hb\mS³
ae\ncIÄ DÄs¸Sp¶
ae_mÀ {]tZiw A¡me¯pw
ae©c¡pIÄ¡pw
kpKÔhyÚ\§Ä¡pw
t]cptI«ncp¶p. kzm`mhnIambpw
A¯cw AaqeyhkvXp¡fpsS Iehdbnte¡v
hntZinbpsS I®p ]Xn¨p. hntZinIfpsS
hchns\bpw ta[mhnXzw Øm]n¡m\pÅ
{iat¯bpw ^e{]Zambn sNdp¡m³
A¶s¯ \m«pcmPm¡³amÀ¡mbÃ.
{_n«ojv CuÌv
C´y¡p I¸w sImSp¡m³
\nÀ_ÔnXcmb ChnSps¯
P\§fpsS ZpcnX§Ä ImWm³
A¶s¯ {]mtZinI `cWm[nImcnIÄ¡mÀ¡pw
BbnÃ. Ahcn ]ecpw CuÌv
C´y I¼\nsb clkyambn klmbn¡p¶hcpambncp¶p.
A¯csamcp kmlNcy¯nemWv tIcfhÀ½
]gincmPbpsS hchvv. NqjWw sN¿s¸«
ae_mdnse P\§Ä ]ginbpsS t\XrXz¯nÂ
kwLSnXiànbmbn. P\§fnÂ
Bßm`nam\w DWÀ¯p¶XnÂ
]gin hnPbn¨p. ]nd¶ \m«nÂ
kzmX{´yt¯msSbpw A`nam\t¯msSbpw
Pohn¡m\pÅ AhImi¯n\p
thWvSn AhÀ XymK§Ä
kln¨pw ]gincmP sXfn¨ hgnbneqsS
\S¡m³ kÖcmbn¡gnªncp¶p.
kqcy\kvXan¡m¯
km{amPyiànIÄs¡Xnsc
]Ss]mcpXm³ P\§Ä hb\mS³
Ip¶pIfnse Hfnkt¦X§fnÂ
Bbp[]cnioe\w t\Sn. t\cn«pÅ
t]mcm«¯n\pÅ Bbp[_epw
AwK_ehpw Ipdhmbncp¶Xn\mÂ
Hfnbp²¯nsâ ]mT§fmWv
AhÀ {][m\ambpw A`ykn¨Xv.
Xe¡Â N´phmbncp¶p
]gincmPbpsS {][m\ ssk\ym[n]³.
I®h¯v i¦c³ \¼ymÀ,
]ÅqÀ Ga³ \mbÀ,
FSt¨\ Ip¦³ \mbÀ
F¶nhÀ a{´namcmbncp¶p.
FS¯\ Ip¦³, FSt¨\
HtX\³, A¯³ Ipcp¡Ä,
D®naqk, Ffw_nemÀ Ipª³
XpS§nbhscÃmw ]ginbpsS
]Sbnse {][m\nIfmbncp¶p. 1793Â
CuÌv C´y I¼\nbpsS
ae_mÀ taÂt\m«¡mc\mbn
NpaXetbä ^mÀaÀ
kmbv]mWv ]gincmPsb AÂ]sa¦nepw
AwKoIcn¡m³ XbmdmbXv.
IpäymSn, Xmacticn,
IXncqÀ XpS§nb {]tZi§Ä
]ginbpsS t\XrXz¯nepÅ `cW¯n\p
hn«psImSp¯p. F¶mÂ
XpSÀs¶¯nbhscm¶pw
]ginsb AwKoIcn¡m³ XbmdmbnÃ.
{iocwK]«W¯ph¨pWvSm¡nb
kÔnb\pkcn¨v ae_mdnsâ
apgph³ `cWmhImiw CuÌv
C´y I¼\n¡msb¶mbncp¶p
I¼\n¡mcpsS hmZw. Cu kÔn
ewLn¡p¶Xv cmPyt{Zml¡päamsW¶v
1795Â I¼\n hnfw_cw Cd¡n.
XpSÀ¶v hnhn[ CS§fnembn
\S¶ B{IaW§fn ]ginbpsS
ssk\yw I¼\n]«mfs¯
]cmPbs¸Sp¯n. amXr`qanbpsS
kzmX{´y¯n\p thWvSn ZrV]XnÚsbpSp¯v
ià\mbn apt¶dnb ]ginsb
IogS¡m³ I¼\nbpsS
]«mfiàn¡mbncp¶nÃ.
At±l¯nsâ Bbp[_et¯¡mÄ
BßhocyamWv I¼\nsb XfÀ¯nbXv.
acWw
hsc t]mcm«w
]gintbmSpÅ t]mcv
Ahkm\n¸n¡p¶XmWp _p²nsb¶
L«¯nse¯nbt¸mgmWv
NXn{]tbmK¯nte¡p I¼\n
IS¶Xv. ]ginsb HäpsImSp¡mm³
Xbmdmb GXm\pw t]sc I¼\nXs¶
IsWvS¯n. 1805 \hw_À 29\v
cm{Xnbn HäpImcnÂ
\n¶p e`n¨ hnhca\pkcn¨v
]p¸Ån Im«nÂ
hn{ian¡pIbmbncp¶ ]gintbbpw
Iq«tcbpw B{Ian¨p. A{]Xo£nXambpWvSmb
B{IaWs¯ sNdp¡m³ ]gin¡mbnÃ.
]pecpw hsc \oWvS B{IaW§Äs¡mSphnÂ
ap¸Xn\p ]peÀs¨ {_n«ojv
ssk\y¯nsâ shSntbäp
]gincmP acn¨p. Ahkm\ambn {_n«ojv
ssk\yt¯mSp hnfn¨p]dªXpw
tZikvt\lw apäp¶ hm¡pIÄ.
Fs¶ sXm«ip²am¡mcpXv
F¶mbncp¶p kmbn¸nsâ
]«mft¯mSv ]gincmP hnfn¨p]dªXv.
]ntä¶v cmPIob_lpaXntbmsSbmWv
]gincmPbpsS arXtZlw kwkvIcn¨Xv.
\½psS kvIqÄ
]mT]pkvXI§Ä ]gincmPsb thWvS
{]m[m\yt¯msS IWvSnsö
Btcm]Ww iàamWv. GXmbmepw kn\nabneqsSsb¦nepw
]ginsb ]pXnb aebmfn¡p sNdpXmbns«¦nepw
]cnNs¸Sp¯m³ Bsb¶Xv
sNdnb ImcyaÃ. Cu Ncn{X kn\na
]gincmPsbbpw A¯c¯nÂ
]cnKW\bpw ]T\hpw AÀln¡p¶hscbpw
IqSpXÂ Adnbm\pw Adnbn¡m\papÅ
HmÀ½s¸Sp¯p¶nS¯mWv
aebmf¯nsâ Ncn{X\oXn.
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