EASY ENGLISH (ഭാഗം- 2)

Passivisation

1 . Junk Collector picked the parcel of shoes

2. The parcel of shoes was picked by junk collector

വിവിധ Sentence Pattern പരിചയിച്ചല്ലോ?

ഇവിടെ ഒന്നാം വാക്യത്തിൽ Subject-നു പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകിയും രണ്ടാം വാക്യത്തിൽ object-നു പ്രാധാന്യം നൽകിയും എഴുതിയിരിക്കുന്നത് ശ്രദ്ധിക്കുക.

Active Voice-ലെ tense വ്യത്യാസമനുസരിച്ച് passive voice-ൽ എന്തൊക്കെ മാറ്റങ്ങളാണ് വരുന്നതെന്ന് നമുക്ക് നോക്കാം. Discourse level ഉത്തരങ്ങൾ എഴുതുന്പോൾ passivised sentences ശീലിക്കുക. ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് പത്രങ്ങളിലൂടെ കടന്നാൽ passivisation ഭാഷയെ എത്ര സ്വാധീനിക്കുന്നുവെന്ന് മനസിലാക്കാം.

1. Vanka writes a letter - A letter is written by Vanka
2. Vanka wrote a letter - A letter was written by Vanka

Simple present/simple past വാക്യങ്ങൾ passivise ചെയ്തപ്പോൾ വന്ന മാറ്റം നോക്കൂ.

ഇനി present continuous ഉം past continuous ഉം

3. Vanka is writing a letter
A letter is being written by Vanka
4. Vanka was writing a letter
A letter was being written by Vanka

is writing -> is being written
was writing -> was being written

ഇനി present perfect, past perfect വാക്യങ്ങൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കാം.

5. Vanka has witten a letter.
A letter has been written by Vanka.
6. Vanka had written a letter.
A letter had been written by Vanka.

has written -> has been written
had written -> had been written

7. Vanka will post this letter.
This letter will be posted by Vanka

ഇവിടെ will post -> will be posted ആയി
എല്ലാ വാക്യങ്ങളിലും past participle തന്നെ ഉപയോഗിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു.

Tense Correction, Editing എന്നിവയിൽ passivisation പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കാം. Language Elements നന്നായി പരിശീലിക്കൂ. Discourse സ്വന്തമായി എഴുതുന്പോൾ തെറ്റില്ലാത്ത വാക്യഘടന ഉറപ്പാക്കാം.

Comprehension (Prose) Textual and Non Textual

പാഠഭാഗത്തുനിന്നു തരുന്ന ഖണ്ഡിക വായിച്ച് ചുവടെ കൊടുക്കുന്ന നാലു ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉത്തരമെഴുതണം. തന്നിരിക്കുന്ന അർഥമുള്ള വാക്ക് ഖണ്ഡികയിൽനിന്ന് തെരഞ്ഞെടുത്ത് എഴുതാനും ചോദിക്കാം. New Vocabulary വായിച്ചിരുന്നാൽ എളുപ്പമായിരിക്കും. Unseen passage നൽകിയതിനു ശേഷവും ആശയഗ്രഹണത്തോടെയുള്ള വായന പരിശോധിക്കാനുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ പതിവാണ്.

Q Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

In the spring, when the banyan tree was full of small red figs, birds of all kinds would flock into branches, the red bottomed bulbull, cheerful and greedy, gossiping rosypastors; and parrots and crows, squabbling with each other all the time. During the fig season, the banyan tree was the noisiest place on the road.

Half way up the tree I had built a small platform on which I would often spend the afternoons when it wasn't too hot.

1. Who were the visitors during fig season?
2. What is special for banyan tree in spring season?
3. Where would the narrator spend the afternoons?
4. Find out the word which means ""Minor fight or argument.''

Answers

1. bulbull, parrots and crows were the visitors during fig season.
2. The banyan tree was full of small red figs.
3. The narrator would spend the afternoons in a platform on the tree.
4. squabbling.

Comprehension (Poem - 10 മാർക്ക്)

പാഠപുസ്തകത്തിലെ ഏതെങ്കിലും രണ്ടു കവിതകൾ പ്രതീക്ഷിക്കാം. ആദ്യകവിത വായിച്ചശേഷം തന്നിരിക്കുന്ന ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉത്തരമെഴുതണം. രണ്ടാമത്തെ കവിത "Appreciation'
എഴുതുന്നതിനായി നൽകുന്നതാണ്.

ഇവയൊന്നും പഠിക്കാൻ മറക്കരുത്.

Q Read the lines from the poem ""The ballad of Father Gilligan'' and answer the questions that follows.

And is the poor man dead! He cried
He died an hour ago
The old priest Peter Gilligan
In grief swayed to and fro

When you were gone he turned and died
As merry as a bird,
The old priest Peter Gilligan
He knelt him at that word

1). What was the reply of the poor man's wife?
2). How did the priest behave when he knew that the man was dead?
3). Write down the "rhyme scheme' of the poem.
4). Identify the figure of speech used by the poet.

Answers

1. The poor man's wife replied that her husband died an hour before.
2. The priest swayed to and fro when he knew the man was dead.
3. abcb
4. The soul of her husband left his body like a bird which flies in myrth.

Appreciation of the poem "The Ballad of father Gilligan'

These lines are extracted from the famous narrative poem ""The Ballad of father Gilligan.'' Through this poem William Butter Yeats throws light up on the endless mercy showers by the God on all his creations. The poem narrates how God intervenes in the life of a priest at the time of urgency.

At the outset of the poem itself the readers are made sympathised because of the unending priestly duties of Father Gilligan during an epedemic.

Gilligan was seen unable to handle all the funeral services in his country side. Once at the moth hour, While he was nodded in his chair he fell asleep without giving the last communion to a poor man. When he woke up, he realised his mistake. The poor man's wife told him that her husband had died an hour before. She says that when father was gone her husband turned and died merry as a bird. Father Gilligan become confused and knelt on the word. The poem is decorated with rhyme scheme abcb. It is musical and dramatical. The departure of the soul is compared to the flight of a bird. Visual images such as priest, bird, knelt etc. add the beauty of the poem.

Appreciation of the poem "Poetry'

Pablo Neruda's poem "Poetry' beautifully depicts the arrival of poetry into one's inner horrizon of creativity. With the personified beauty of poetry the readers can enjoy its arrival and its magical power of changing a person ito unique. At the outset of the poem itself the poet is seen agreed that he was lacking a face before its arrival. He doesn't know where it comes from.

He suspects whether it was from winter or river. He assures that it was not voice, words or silence. The poet is seen satisfied to reach the zenith of enjoyment. According to him his blind eyes are opened to capture the splendour of universe. He strongly opines that writing poetry is a difficult task. He complains on the first line that he had written a faint line which was a pure nonsense and without any substance.

The influence of the arrival of poetry is intensified through the expressions such as "The heavens unfastened' "palpitating plantations' "deciphering fire', fever, forgotten wings.... The inner inspiration is drawn through the fire and fruition of poetry is well defined through flowers.

He assures he has been changed and become a part of the abyss of poetry. Fever - forgotten wings, the first faint line, wheeled with care, added to the beauty of
alliteration.

The poem is written in blank verse.

Figure of speech

Simile - Being similar to some one or something. The words "like' or "as' indicate a simile.

eg: When you were gone he turned and died as merry as a bird.

Personification
In animate things are given the status of persons.

eg: The poetry arrived in search of me
(We may feel the presence of poetry as a person)

Alliteration
Repetition of the initial consonant sounds in hearby words of a line.

eg: What man has made of man.

Assonance
Repetition of the vowel sounds in nearby words of a line

eg: My eyes were blind (Note the same vowel sound)

POEM GRID

Discourses

1. Profile (5 or 6 marks)

Q Prepare a short profile on Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie using the details given below.

Birth : 15 September 1977, Nigeria
famous as : Novelist, nonfiction writer, short story writer
Educated : Drexel University , University of Nigeria
Earlier Readings : British and American children's Books
Major Works : Purple Hibiscus, Half of yellow sun
Awards : Booker Prize

Chimamanda Ngozi Aidchie

Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born on 15 september in 1977 in Nigeria. She is famous as a novelist, non fiction writer and short story writer. She was educated from Drexel University and University of Niegeria. Her earlier readings were British and American children's Books. Purple Hibiscus and Half of a yellow sun are her major works. She was awarded with Booker Prize.

II. Notice

* Suitable title
* Salutation
* Appropriate layout and format
* Authority that issue notice
* Date and Place of issue

QThe forest club of your school has decided to conduct a seminar on "Save the Earth'. Prepare a notice for the programme.

III. Diary

പാഠഭാഗം നന്നായി വായിച്ചിരുന്നാൽ കഥാപാത്രങ്ങളുടെ മാനസികാവസ്ഥകൾ പരിചിതമാകും. ഏതെങ്കിലുമൊരു കഥാപാത്രത്തിന്‍റെ ഡയറി എഴുതാൻ ചോദിക്കും.

* Use 1st person narrative
* Day and date should be there
* Try to include personal feelings and expressions

Q Nilkanta shocked as if he was hit by a heavy hammer on his head when Kiran found the inkstand. He couldn't convince her. He wrote his feelings in his diary. Prepare the likely diary page of Nilkanta.

Oh! what a fault I did. Really I had been enjoying a happy life here. At least I should have told Kiran about the inkstand. What would she think of me? How can I face her tomorrow? I have no way. She loved me a lot, but I made a theft. I can't.. I can't face her. I am leaving. Kiran, forgive me for my mistake.

IV Conversation

* Good beginning
* ensure wh - Question/ Yes/ No Question
* Conditional clause
* Question tag
* formal and informal usage
* Apt conclusion

QSuppose you met Satyajith Ray, the film director. He was confused after the shooting at Notungram. Prepare the likely dialouge between you and your friend Satyajith Ray.

Ram: Good morning Ray, what's new with your film?
Ray: Good morning Ram, I am on the way to its completion.
Ram: The shooting at Notungram wasn't succceded, was it?
Ray: We had arranged everything but failed to shoot.
Ram: Where did you get the tiger?
Ray: We got it from the circus team.
Ram: Wasn't it trained?
Ray: Yes, If they trained it properly, it wouldn't behave so.
Ram: What will you do?
Ray: We have to shoot the scene again.
Ram: You had better take safety measures for the next shooting.
Ray: Surely, we have arranged everything in Culcutta. Mr. Thorat agreed to bring the tiger.
Ram: Best of luck Ray. It will be OK.
Ray: Thank you.

V. SPEECH

പാഠബന്ധിതമായി വരുന്ന സാമൂഹ്യപ്രശ്നങ്ങൾ പ്രസംഗരൂപത്തിൽ അവതരിപ്പിക്കാൻ ചോദിക്കാം.

* Role of children in protecting nature
* Child labour
* Need of caring parentless
* Need of selfless service to the society
* Animal abuse and cruelty towards them
* Felicitation speeches to appreciate Martha, Ali, John...

വിഷയബന്ധിതമായ കാര്യങ്ങൾ പ്രസംഗരൂപത്തിൽത്തന്നെ എഴുതണം. തുടക്കം ഇങ്ങനെയാകാം.
Eg. Good morning everybody.
Respcted headmaster, teachers and my dear friends. With my sincere pleasure, I am here to deliver a few words on "........'

VI. Narrative

Things to remember

* Suitable title
* Sequence the events properly.
* Expresses the theme/message properly.
* Uses suitable vocabulary and sentence varieties.
* Uses figurative languages.
* Uses proper beginning and ending.

QThe scholarship jacket is a story that appeals to young readers very much. You are the classmate of Martha and you had to narrate the events to your mother. Narrate Martha's story in your own words.

Scholarship jacket to the deserved

Mom, Do you like to hear the dramatic story of the scholarship jacket which Martha received. Martha is the toppest among us. We all know she is the rightful student to receive the scholarship jacket. It is a tradition of our school to award a scholarship jacket to the outstanding student who secures highest grade for eight years. It is a beautiful gold and green jacket with a big gold "S' on the left front side and the name of the student can be written in golden letters on the pocket. Really it is a dream of every student to get the jacket. Mom, me too dreamt off, but I couldn't score the highest.

Martha is an excellent Mexican girl, who belong to a poor family. She was brought up by her grand father. Though she was good at sports, she couldn't participate in any items because of the lack of money. Her only dream was to get this jacket. Recently there occured a secret planning to give the jacket to Joann.

Mr. Boone, one of our teachers compelled the authority to correct the records to get Joann, the jacket. Martha was upset to hear the arguments. Mr. Schimidt sir was against this injustice. He says ""I refuse to do it. I don't care who her father is, her grades don't even begin to compare to Martha's. Schimidt sir was strong in his stand, but Mr. Boone suggested to charge fifteens dollars for this jacket. He knows very well that poor Martha never pay such a huge amount. Principal called her in his room and informed her. "The Board has decided to charge fifteen dollars which still don't cover the complete cost of the jacket.'

She cried a lot on the walk home from bus stop. She ran towards her grandfather who was busy with farming. Martha told him everything. Her grand father was obstinate.
He strongly asks Martha ""What does a scholarship jacket mean?'. He stressed the point that the scholarship jacket is awarded to and not brought to. She lost all her expectations. But she was made powerful to raise her voice before the Principal. Her strong opinion made the Principal confused. He decided to give the jacket to Martha. Principal's words still remain unbelievable in Martha's ears. ""Okay we will make an exception in your case. I will tell the board. You will get your jacket.'' Martha says that it was her grand father who taught her the real value of life. She is seen so happy now.

VII. Character Sketch

* Personality traits
* Physical appearance
* like/dislikes
* family details
* comments about their personality by others

Character sketchന് ചോദിക്കാൻ സാധ്യതയുള്ള കഥാപാത്രങ്ങൾ

Homeopath, Ali, Ali's father, Akbar Aqa, Mr. John, A.J. Cronin, Adichie, Martha, Martha's Grand father, Aunt Jane, Jack, Jill, Vanka, Vanka's Grandfather, Nilkanta, Kiran.

Homeopath - Doctor-started medical practice- meagre earnings- small rented room- not electrified- a man of humour sense- looking into mirror- admire himself -make himself handsome- frozen with fear - open minded- smiling face-unmarried-agile-habit of shaving daily.

Martha - 14 years old- student of Texas School- hardworking- courageous- strong determination and will power- poor parents- nicknamed as "bean pole' or "string bean'- sensitive- overjoyed- over anxious.

Aunt Jane - Ideal character - simple life - helping mentality, loving, caring, - against the consumerist culture- savings and earnings - good advices - polite in words.

Martha's Grandfather - Wealthy- healthy- oldman- patient-hardworking, caring person- strong- obstinate- good farmer.

Vanka's Grandfather - Small- lean- oldman about sixty five- lively- agile-Night watchman- happy and jocking with others.

VIII. Letter

* Suitable language
* Proper salutation and complimentary close (eg. sir, dear... your's lovingly, yours faithfully...)
* Message should be conveyed
* Ideas should be properly linked
* Uses well formed Sentences
* Better to prefer three paragraphs.

QThe narrator of the story ""The best investment I ever made'' had an evenful voyage. After his meeting with John he decide to write a letter to his wife, sharing his feelings. Draft the likely letter written by the narrator.

Newyork,
25/1/2020

Dear Princy,
How are you? Hope you are fine. You may wonder Why I am sending a letter. I am thrilled to share my happiness and excitement of an unbelievable meeting.
I hadn't thought that this voyage would be such and eventful one. On the second day of my voyage, I noticed one of the passengers watches me closely. But you know, usually I don't like conversing with others. I gave no sign of having noticed that man.

The following afternoon I again observed him with his wife. From their talk I could realize that both were to America as part of charitable work. He is devoted to the care of boys and girls who had fallen under the ban of law. I was upset to hear why he was attracted to social work. He told me that he was none other than the person whom I saved 25 years before.

Do you remember that small investment of seven pounds and ten shillings? Now I am proud. If we kept that money in a bank, it wouldn't be such a fruitful one. God is great to reveal me what i did once was such a great deed.

Really I am very happy to realise the fact. I will tell you everything in detail. Hope to meet you soon.

yours lovingly
A.J. Cronin

IX News report

Things to remember
*A Short and catchy title
*First line should be the expansion of the head line

Should be there in the report

At the End Justice to Vanka

Moscow: January 27: A nine year old Vanka Zhukov was taken by the Social Justice Department, yesterday evening Though an orphaned, his grandfather sent him as an apprentice to a shoemaker's house. Vanka was forced to do most of the household activities in addition to shoemaking.

It is heard that he was brutally punished by the master, mistress and even the senior apprentices. The master beated him with stirrup strap, his wife rubbed his face with the fish. he was not given enough food. One of Alyakhin's neighbours happend to realise the matter. He paved the way to justice. The accused are arrested and are taken under law. Vanka is now happy in getting Justice.

X. Information transfer

ഫ്ലോ ചാർട്ടുകൾ, പട്ടികകൾ, കുറിപ്പുകൾ ഇവ വായിച്ചശേഷം 5 ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് ഉത്തരമെഴുതേണ്ടതായി വരും (1 മാർക്ക് വീതം) ഏതു നിലവാരക്കാർക്കും 5 മാർക്ക് വാങ്ങാൻ ഈ ചോദ്യം ഉപകരിക്കും.

ചിട്ടയായി പഠിച്ചാൽ ഇംഗ്ലീഷിൽ എ പ്ലസ് വാങ്ങാൻ നിങ്ങൾക്കു കഴിയും.

**വിജയാശംസകൾ..!**

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