än.kn. amXyp


kzÀWs¯¸änbpÅ tNmZy§Ä Ahkm\n¡p¶nÃ. hne C\nbpw Xmgptam? GXphsc Xmgpw? GXmWp hm§m³ ]änb hne? C§s\ tNmZy§Ä A\h[n. G{]n 16þ\p cmPym´chn]Wnbn Hcu¬kv kzÀW¯n\v 1321.95 tUmfÀ F¶p hne Ipdn¨ncp¶p. 2011 sk]väw_dn F¯nb dn¡mÀUn (1920 tUmfÀ) \n¶p 32 iXam\w Ipdhv. kzÀWw hnebnSnhnsâ hn]WnbnemsW¶p {]Jym]n¡s¸«Xv A¶mWv. ]t£, AXn\v BgvNIÄ apt¼ A¡mcyw hyàambncp¶p. kzÀWhn]Wnsb {i²m]qÀhw \nco£n¨p t]m¶hÀ apt¼ Xs¶ Xmtgm«pÅ KXnsb¸än ]dªncp¶p. AXpsImWvSv G{]n 16\p temIhn]Wnbn kzÀWw XIÀ¶t¸mÄ AhÀ \Sp§nbnÃ.

hoWvSpw Bg§fnÂ

]n¶oSp kzÀWw Xncn¨p Ibdp¶Xpt]mse IWvSp. aq¶mgvNsImWvSp 13 iXam\w Xncn¨pIbdn. Bg§Ä Ignªp F¶p an¡hcpw IcpXn. Xmgv¶ \nehmc¯n kzÀWw hm§n¡q«m³ ssN\m¡mcpw C´y¡mcpw aÕcn¨p.

]t£, B DbÀ¨ hmkvXhambncp¶nÃ. Ct¸mÄ hne hoWvSpw G{]n 16þse Bg§Ä¡Sp¯v F¯nbncn¡p¶p. tabv 17\p \yqtbmÀ¡v kvt]mÀ«v hn]Wn t¢mkv sNbvXXv 1359 tUmfdnÂ.

C\n F´v F¶ tNmZy¯n\p hn]Wn \nco£Icn `qcn]£hpw Xmtgm«v F¶mWp ]dbp¶Xv. InävtIm \yqknsâ {]Xnhmc kzÀW kÀthbn ]s¦Sp¯ 28 t]cn 17 t]cpw hne Xmtgm«v F¶mWp hnebncp¯nbXv. kmt¦XnI NmÀ«pIÄ hnebncp¯n KXn {]hNn¡p¶hcpw AtX \ne]mSnemWv.

hniIe\w cWvSp X«nÂ

Xmtgm«v FhnsShsc F¶ tNmZy¯n\v C\nbpw \nco£IÀ GIm`n{]mb¯n adp]Sn ]dbp¶nÃ. eWvS\nepw \yqtbmÀ¡nepapÅ \nt£] Øm]\§fpw hniIe\¡mcpw cWvSp X«nemsW¶p ]dbmw. Ct¸mgs¯ \nehmcamWp Xmgv¶sX¶p ]dbp¶hcpw C\nbpw KWyambn Xmgpsa¶p IcpXp¶hcpamWv AhnsSbpÅXv. hne Iptd¡qSn Dbcpsa¶p ]dbm³ Ct¸mÄ BcpanÃ.

G{]nense \nebn \n¶p hyXykvXamWnXv. A¶p hne Xncn¨pIbdn 1500 tUmfdpw aäpamIpsa¶p ]dbm³ ]ecpWvSmbncp¶p. Xmtgm«v 1200 tUmfdn\p Xmsg ]dbm³ Bcpw ss[cys¸«ncp¶nÃ. Ct¸mÄ AXà \ne. s{IUnäv kznkv F¶ kznkv _m¦nse DXv]¶ KthjW hn`mKw Xeh³ dnIvsUhd ]dªXp hne 1100 tUmfdnte¡v Cs¡mÃw F¯psa¶mWv. A©p hÀj¯n\pÅn 1000 tUmfÀ ImWmsa¶pw At±lw ]dªp.

tUmbnjv _m¦nse hniIe\¡mcpsS s]mXp A`n{]mbw 1300 tUmfdnsâ Npäph«¯p hne \n¡psa¶mWv. kqdn¨nse lmÀtImÀ«v C³shÌvsaâv I¬kÄ«nwKnse Pdan t_¡À 1200 tUmfdnemWp {]Xo£ hbv¡p¶Xv. jn¡mtKmbnse Cât{KäUv t{_m¡tdPv kÀhokknse hnZKv[³ {^m¦v aIvKo 1050 tUmfÀ hsc hne Xmgpsa¶p {]hNn¡p¶p.

Pnw tdmtPgvkv

DXv]¶ hn]WnIfn \nt£]n¨p [mcmfw k¼mZn¨pIq«nb Pnw tdmtPgvkv Iptd¡qSn Kuch]qÀhamWp hnjbs¯ kao]n¡p¶Xv. 12 hÀjw XpSÀ¨bmbn Ibdnb kzÀWw C§s\sbmcp Xncp¯Â t\ct¯ \St¯WvSXmbncps¶¶v At±lw ]dbp¶p. Hu¬kn\v 1300þDw 1200þDw tUmfdmIpt¼mÄ Xm³ kzÀWw hm§psa¶pw At±lw ]dbp¶p. F¶mÂ, hne AhnsSbpw \n¡msX 800 tUmftdm 600 tUmftdm Hs¡bmbm Xm³ Bi¦mIpe\mIpsa¶pw tdmtPgvkv ]dbp¶p. (2001þ kzÀWw Hu¬kn\v 250 tUmfdn\Sp¯mbncp¶p).

hnZKv[ \nco£W§fpsS Npcp¡w C{X am{Xw. hne C\nbpw KWyambn Xmtgm«p t]mImw. ]¯p ]{´WvSp iXam\¯n XmgvN \n¶nsæn C¶t¯Xnsâ ]IpXnhsc hne h¶m AZv`pXs¸Sm\nsöv.

C§s\sbm¶p kao]Ime¯v Bcpw IWvSn«nÃ. hne aq¶pw \mepw aS§mbtijw ]IpXnbn Xmtgm«p\o§nb ]e kµÀ`§fpw A´mcmjv{S hn]WnbnepWvSv. C´ybn cq]bpsS hnebnSnhpaqew hne¯IÀ¨ DWvSmbn«nà F¶p am{Xw.

CsXmcp NqXm«w

F´psImWvSv C§s\ kw`hn¡p¶p F¶dnbm³ henb {]bmkanÃ. kzÀWs¯bpw XmXvImenI \nt£] kma{KnbmbmWv BtKmf \nt£]IÀ ImWp¶Xv. Hcn¡Â hm§n B`cWambn D]tbmKn¨p XeapdIfnte¡p ssIamdpI, AXymhiy kµÀ`§fn ]Wbw ht¨m hntäm ]Wam¡pI, hoWvSpw hm§nhbv¡pI F¶ Hcp coXn am{Xw ]cnNbapÅhcpsS \nt£]aà ChnsS AÀYam¡p¶Xv. HmlcnIfnepw aäpw \S¯p¶Xpt]mepÅ \nt£]amWnXv. HcpXcw NqXm«w. Ct¸mÄ GXnemtWm em`w AXn \nt£]n¡p¶p. em`w Ipdbpsa¶p tXm¶nbm DS³ ]n³hm§p¶p.

Ifn¡mcpw hnZKv[cpw

C§s\ Ifn¡p¶Xv Bscms¡bmsW¶p IqSn AdnbWw. henb s]³j³ ^WvSpIÄ, C³jzd³kv I¼\nIÄ, AXnk¼¶cpsS ]Ww kamlcn¨p \nt£]w \S¯p¶ slUvPv ^WvSpIÄ XpS§nbhsbms¡bmWv. \nt£]w ssIImcyw sN¿p¶Xp \nt£] hnZKv[À F¶ {]^jWepIÄ. ]Ww DWvSm¡nbhcà ]Ww FhnsS \nt£]n¡Ww F¶p Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv. \nt£]w \S¯p¶ hnZKv[À¡p X§fpsS sshZKv[yw sXfnbn¡emWv Bhiyw. tImSn¡W¡n\p tUmfdpIÄ Htckabw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ AhÀ hn]Wnbn BImhp¶ A`ymk§fpw H¯pIfnIfpw kvt]mSv ^nIvknwKpsaÃmw \S¯p¶p.

ChÀ Ifn¡p¶Xp kzÀWw hm§nh¨Ã. I¼\nIfpsS Hmlcn hm§msX Hmlcn hn]WnbpsS t\«w DWvSm¡m³ ayqNz ^WvSpIÄ DÅXpt]mse kzÀWhn]Wnbn DÅXmWv kzÀW CSnF^p (FIvkvtN©v t{SUUv ^WvSv) IÄ. Cu ^WvSpIfn \½Ä ]Ww \nt£]n¨m AhÀ AXn\pkcn¨v kzÀWw hm§n _m¦n kq£n¡pw. \ap¡p ]Ww thWvSt¸mÄ BZyw hm§nb bqWnäpIÄ hn¡mw. AXn\p Xpeyamb kzÀWw hnäp ^WvSv ]Ww Xcpw.

BcpsSsbms¡tbm k¼mZyw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ hnZKv[À Ifn¡p¶ kzÀW CSnF^pIfn Gähpw hepXmWv Fkv]nUnBÀ tKmÄUv {SÌv. amÀ¨v BZyw 1,237 S¬ DWvSmbncp¶p AhcpsS kzÀWtiJcw. aäp ^WvSpIfptSXpIqSn tNÀ¯m CSnF^pIfn sam¯apWvSmbncp¶Xv 2,630 S®ntesd. Ct¸mÄ Cu ^WvSpIfnepÅXv 2,207 S¬. 16 iXam\w Ipdªp. Hcp amkw sImWvSp ^WvSpIÄ hnägnt¡WvSnh¶Xv 400 tesd S¬.

AhÀ hnäp, \½Ä hm§n

AXnk¼¶cpw \nt£] hnZKv[À \bn¡p¶ ^WvSpIfpsams¡bmWv Chbn \nt£]n¡p¶Xv. Imäpamdn hoipwapt¼ AhÀ \nt£]w ]n³hen¡pw. tPmÀPv tkmtdmkv F¶ AXnk¼¶³ Fkv]nUnBdnse henb \nt£]I\mbncp¶p. HIvtSm_Àþ Unkw_dn tkmtdmkv Xsâ kzÀW ^WvSv \nt£]w 55 iXam\w Ipd¨p. P\phcnþamÀ¨n hoWvSpw 12 iXam\w Ipd¨p. t\mÀt¯¬ {SÌv tImÀ]tdj³, »mbv¡v tdm¡v C³ tImÀ]tdäUv XpS§nb henb ^WvSpIÄ P\phcn þamÀ¨n kzÀW ^WvSv \nt£]w ]IpXnbn Xmsgbm¡n.

ChscÃmw \nt£]w hn¡pIbmbncp¶p. P\phcn þamÀ¨v IzmÀ«dnepw ]ns¶ hne Ip¯s\ CSnª G{]nenepw C´y¡mÀ kzÀWw hm§n¡q«pIbmbncp¶p. ssN\¡mcpw AXp Xs¶ sNbvXp. C´y³ Cd¡paXn 23 iXam\hpw ssN\okv Cd¡paXn 20 iXam\hpamWv P\phcnþamÀ¨n IqSnbXv. G{]nen hne Ipdªt¸mÄ C´y³ Cd¡paXn 50 iXam\¯ntesd hÀ[n¨p.

AXnk¼¶cpw \nt£] hnZKv[cpw Gähpw DbÀ¶ hnebv¡p hnsämgnªt¸mÄ Imcyadnbm¯ H¯ncnt¸À ]Ww kzÀW¯nsednªp Ifªp. {]tXyIn¨pw hntZi hn]WnIsf A\pIcn¨v em`¯n\pÅ \nt£]w F¶ [mcWbn kzÀWw hm§n¡q«nbhÀ. ZoÀLIme k¼mZyambn, X§Ä¡p _eambn B{ibn¡mhp¶ BkvXnbmbn kzÀWs¯ ImWp¶ kv{XoIfpsSbpw aäpw kzÀWw hm§eà ChnsS Dt±in¨Xv.

BtKmf hn]Wnbnse henb Dul¡¨hS DXv]¶amWp kzÀWw. AXn Ifn¡p¶hÀ iXtImSn tUmfdpIfmWv Cd¡p¶Xv. AhcpsS ¹m\pw ]²Xnbpw AdnbmsX X§fpsS hnes¸« k¼mZyw Dul¡¨hS¯n\nd¡p¶hÀ¡p ssIs]mÅnbnsænemWv AZv`pXw.

tUm. F³._n. \cknwl{]kmZv (tImgnt¡mSv Pehn`hhnIk\ hn\ntbmK tI{µw FIvknIyq«ohv UbdÎÀ)

Ct¸mgs¯ hcĨbpsS ImcWw?

ap³hÀj§sf At]£n¨v Ignª hÀjw 25 iXam\t¯mfw ag Ipdhmbncp¶p. IgnªhÀjw hS¡pIng¡³ a¬kq¬ Xosc Ipdªp, \hw_dn Xs¶ ag \n¶p. Cu hÀjamhs« th\Âag In«nbXpanÃ. shůnsâ Bhiyamhs« Znhtk\ IqSnhcp¶p. F¦nepw aäp kwØm\§sf At]£n¨p tIcf¯n hcĨ IpdhmWv.

ag IpdªphcnIbmtWm?

F¶p ]dbm\mhnÃ. Nne hÀj§fn ag Ipdbpw. ]t£ ASp¯ hÀj§fn IqSpw. 1980 apX e`n¨ agbpsS IW¡p t\m¡pIbmsW¦n ag hfsc IqSpX e`n¨ kµÀ`§fpw hfsc Ipdhv e`n¨ kµÀ`§fpw DWvSmbn«pWvSv.

Ipg¡nWÀ {]iv\amtWm?

BsI D]tbmK¯nsâ 47.7 iXam\hpw `qKÀ`PeamWv. KmÀlnI Bhiy§Ä¡p Ipg¡nWdpIÄ Ipgn¡p¶XpsImWvSv {]iv\sam¶panÃ. KmÀlnImhiy§Ä¡mbpÅ Pe D]tbmKw hfsc IpdhmWv. AanXambn FSp¯mte NpäpapÅ InWdpIfn shÅw Ipdbq. Ipg¡nWÀ Ipgn¨m kao]{]tZi¯pÅ InWdpIÄ hänhcfpsa¶Xp sXämWv. D]tbmK¯nsâ Afhv Asæn ]¼v sN¿p¶Xnsâ Afhv t\m¡ntb A]ISkm[yX hnebncp¯m\mIq.

Pe¯nsâ hÀ[n¨phcp¶ BhiyIXbpw D]tbmKhpamWp InWdpIfpw aäpw häp¶Xn\p ImcWw. CXp a\knem¡msX P\§Ä BZyta ]cmXnbpw sImWvSphcpw. Ipg¡nWÀ Ipgn¡p¶Xp PeZuÀe`yw ]cnlcn¡m\msW¶v Bcpw HmÀ¡p¶nsöXmWp kXyw. km[mcW InWdpIÄ Ipgn¡p¶XneqsS `qan¡Snbn 12 apX 15 hsc aoäÀ Bg¯nepÅ shÅw am{Xta e`n¡p¶pÅq. hcĨ iàamIp¶ C¶s¯ Ime¯v Ipg¡nWÀ Ipgn¡p¶XneqsS 50 apX 120 hsc aoäÀ Bg¯nepÅ shÅw D]tbmKn¡m³ Ignbp¶p.

AtXkabw hymhkmbnI Bhiy§Ä¡mbn Ipgn¡p¶ Ipg¡nWdpIÄ ]camh[n shÅw DuänsbSp¡p¶ AhØbpWvSv. AXp XoÀ¨bmbpw kao]{]tZi§fnse InWdpIÄ häp¶Xn\p ImcWamIpw. A§s\ {]iv\§fpWvSmIp¶ kab¯v A[nIrXÀ CSs]«p \S]SnsbSp¡p¶pWvSv.


`qKÀ`Pe¯nsâ Afhv F§s\ hÀ[n¸n¡mw?

Pq¬ apX \hw_À hscbmWp tIcf¯n IqSpX ag e`n¡p¶Xv. Unkw_À apX tabv hsc s]mXpsh hcWvS ImemhØbmbncn¡pw. Ing¡p\n¶p ]Snªmtdm«p Ip¯s\ sNcnhmbXn\m agshÅw t\sc Ip¯nsbmen¨v Ad_n¡Sense¯pw. AXpImcWw agshÅw `qanbnte¡v Bgv¶nd§m³ thWvS{X kabw In«p¶nÃ. s\ÂhbepIÄ \nI¯p¶Xpw tdmUpIfpw sI«nS§fpw \nÀan¡p¶Xpw Pew a®nte¡v Bgv¶nd§m\pÅ km[yX Ipdbv¡p¶p. Cu kmlNcy¯n Ir{Xnaambn Pew `qanbnte¡v Bgv¶nd§m³ klmbn¨m `qKÀ`Pe¯nsâ Afhv hÀ[n¸n¡m³ Ignbpw.

ag¡me¯v A[nIwhcp¶ shÅw ag¡pgnItfm XS§tfm DWvSm¡n a®nte¡nd¡n `qKÀ`Pe¯nsâ Afhv hÀ[n¸n¡mw. A§s\ sN¿p¶ {]tZi§fnse InWdpIfn shÅw häm\pÅ km[yX hfsc¡pdhmWv. agshÅs¡mbv¯v Asæn sdbn³ hm«À lmÀshÌnwKn\v (BÀU»ypF¨v) Ct¸mÄ hfsc {]m[m\yapWvSv. Hcp]mSv t]À CXns\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶p. ]ecpw \S¸nem¡p¶p.

F´mWp agshÅ kw`cWw?

agshÅkw`cWw ]pXnb BibamWv. F¦nepw Ipgnsh«pI, _WvSp sI«pI, XSw sh«pI XpS§nb ]c¼cmKX coXnbmWp ]n´pScp¶Xv. amen\yanÃmsX IqSpXÂ imkv{Xobambn agshÅs¯ kwc£n¡msa¶XmWv CXnsâ ta·.

sI«nS§fnse agshÅkw`cWnIÄ ]Xnhmbn shÅw In«m³ klmbn¡p¶p. CXn\pÅ sNehv 5,000 apX 10,000 hsc cq]bmWv. km¼¯nIambn ]nt¶m¡w \n¡p¶ BfpIÄ¡v CXp Xm§m\msb¶p hcnÃ. Chsc kÀ¡mÀ klmbnt¨ Xocq. NXp¸p\ne§fnepw aen\amb {]tZi§fnepw agshÅkw`cWnIfpWvSm¡m³ ]änÃ. tIcf¯n `qKÀ`Pew kw`cn¡m³ hnhn[ ]²XnIÄ \nehnepWvSv.

kwØm\ Pehn`h hIp¸nsâbpw tI{µ `qKÀ`Pe t_mÀUnsâbpw t\XrXz¯nepw tIm«bw, CSp¡n, XriqÀ, I®qÀ XpS§nb PnÃIfnse kÀ¡mcnXc kwLS\IfpsS (F³PnH) t\XrXz¯nepw ag¡pgnIÄ \nÀan¡p¶pWvSv. FÃm hoSpIfnepw Hmtcm InWÀ F¶Xp t]mse Hmtcm agshÅkw`cWnbpw AXymhiyamWv. th\¡meamIpt¼mÄ am{Xta \½Ä hcĨsb¡pdn¨ Nn´n¡mdpÅq. shÅw Cãwt]mse In«p¶ ag¡me¯p Xs¶ AXp kq£n¨m Hcp ]cn[n hsc hcĨsb AIän\nÀ¯mw.

shůnsâ I¨hShXvIcWw?

shÅw t]mepw I¨hShXvIcn¡s¸Sp¶ AhØ \nÀ`mKyIcw Xs¶. \½psS \m«pImÀ Xs¶bmWnXns\ t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶Xv. \ap¡p \½psS shÅt¯¡mÄ Ip¸nbn ko sNbvX shÅw IpSn¡m\mWp XmXv]cyw. AsXmcp ^mj³ Bbn«pWvSv. shÅw aen\amIp¶Xpw Ip¸nshÅs¯ \ap¡p {]nbs¸«Xm¡p¶p. \½Ä Xs¶ Xocpam\n¨mse Cu AhØ amdq.

hcĨ _m[n¡p¶hcn ]W¡msct¶m ]mhs¸«hsct¶m t`ZanÃ. FÃmhcpw CcIfmWv. ]WapsWvS¦n shÅw hnebv¡p hm§msat¶bpÅq. shÅw BUw_chkvXphmIp¶ kmlNcyapWvSmhcpXv. DÅ Pes¯ \à coXnbn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯n kwc£n¡Ww. ZuÀe`yapÅnS¯p \n¶v FSp¡m³ ]mSnÃ.

shÅsa¶Xp ]cnanXamb Hcp k¼¯msW¶Xv FÃmhcpw AwKoIcnt¨ ]äq. AXpsImWvSp kq£n¨p am{Xw D]tbmKn¡pI, ]cnanXamb D]tbmK¯neqsSbmWp kwc£Ww \St¡WvSXv. aen\s¸SmsX Pes¯ kwc£nt¡WvSXv FÃmhcpsSbpw ISabmWv. aen\oIcn¡m³ Ffp¸amWv, `qKÀ`Pew ip²oIcn¡Â Ffp¸aÃ.

(Xbmdm¡nbXv: Fw. jn\ne)