ത​ന്നി​രി​ക്കു​ന്ന വാ​ക്യ​ത്തി​ലെ Auxiliary Verb ക​ണ്ടെ​ത്തി ചോ​ദ്യം നി​ർ​മി​ക്കാം.

Conditional Clause
(Refer Page No. 101)

If ചേ​ർ​ന്നു​വ​രു​ന്ന വാ​ക്യം complete the dialogue-ൽ ​ഉ​ണ്ടാ​കും. ത​ന്നി​രി​ക്കു​ന്ന വാ​ക്യ​ത്തി​ലെ Verb-ന്‍റെ രൂ​പ​മ​നു​സ​രി​ച്ച് ഏ​തു​ത​രം Conditional Clause എ​ന്നു ക​ണ്ടെ​ത്ത​ണം.

Eg: If the camera works properly, we can shoot well.
If the camera worked properly, we could shoot well.
If the camera had worked properly, we could have shot well.

ഈ ​വാ​ക്യ​ങ്ങ​ൾ ശ്ര​ദ്ധി​ച്ച​ല്ലോ.

Aunt Jane : If you don't pay the rent, the owner will throw you out into the street.
Principal : If you pay 15 dollars, you will get the Jacket.
Jill : We could never buy a car, if they didn't allow instalments.
If Ali hadn't placed the shoe amidst the boxes, it shouldn't have lost.
Kiran: Nilkanta, If you had taken the inkstand I should have kept it there.

വാ​ക്യ​ങ്ങ​ളി​ലെ verb-ന്‍റെ പ്ര​ത്യേ​ക​ത​ക​ൾ​ക്ക​നു​സ​രി​ച്ച് വ​ന്നി​ട്ടു​ള്ള മാ​റ്റം ശ്ര​ദ്ധി​ച്ച​ല്ലോ.

If+V1 - will/shall/can/may + V1
If +V2 - would/should/could/might + V1
If + had + V3 - would/should/could + have + V3

not ചേ​ർ​ന്നു​വ​രു​ന്ന വാ​ക്യ​വും ശ്ര​ദ്ധി​ച്ചു വാ​യി​ച്ചോ​ളൂ.

Formal and Informal expressions

I will be pleased to give you/I will give you
give me your pen/could you please give me your pen.
You had better refer a dictionary ( had better+V1)
Would you mind posting this letter.
I don't mind posting this letter (Would you mind+ing form of verb)

Different Structures (textual)

(a) No sooner + had + V3 + than
(b) No sooner + did + V1 + than
(c) Hardly had...V3 + when
(d) Scarcely had ... V3 + when
(e) Enough (before a noun, After an adjective or adverb)

eg: No sooner had the tiger sprung out of the cage than the people left.
No sooner did the tiger spring out of the cage than the people left.
Hardly had the tiger sprung out of the cage when the people left.
Martha was skillful enough to win the scholarship jacket.

Examples

I. Reporter : You are Martha, -------- (a)?
Martha : Yes, I am
Reporter : ------------------------ (b)?
Martha : I am studying in new Texas school.
Reporter: You won the sholarship jacket, ---- (c)?
Martha : Yes, I did
Reporter: ---------------------- (d)?
Martha : No, I didn't pay anything
Reporter : Indeed you deserve it, -----! (e)
Martha : Thank you sir

(a) You are Martha, aren't you?
(b) Where are you studying?
(c) You won the scholarship jacket, didn't you?
(d) Did you pay anything?
(e) Congratulations!

III Phrasal Verbs



Examples

1. Martha dreamt of the graduation night on which she ---- (a) the scholarship jacket. But she was ---- (b) by the conversation of teachers. She couldn't ----- (c) the reason behind their argument.

Ans: (a) put on (b) taken aback (c) make out

2. While Dr. Cronin was walking on the deck he ------ (a) a young man. The man wanted to ---- (b) something to Cronin. Usually the doctor doesn't ----- (c) shipboard contacts. So he deliberately ----- (d) from the young man.

(a) Came across (b) put across (c) Put up with (d) turned away

IV Word Pyramid



inkstand
an inkstand
a grand inkstand
a grand inkstand on the table
a grand inkstand on the table which Satish brought from Calcutta

Determiners

Articles - a, an, the
possessives - my, yours, his, her, their, our
Demonstratives - this, that, these, those

Car
my car
my favourite car
my favourite car in the porch
my favourite car in the porch which I bought in instalments

Adjective, prepositional phrases, Relative clause ഇ​വ ത​രം​തി​രി​ച്ച് അ​റി​യ​ണം.

V. Missing Words

Textual passage വായിച്ചിരുന്നാൽ മാത്രം മതി.



The Never Never Nest എന്ന പാഠഭാഗത്തിൽ നിന്ന് എടുത്ത വരികളൊന്നു ശ്രദ്ധിക്കൂ.

1 . Jill looks ---- (a) the cheque ---- (b) exclaims ""Ten Pounds''. Then she hurries ---- (c) the table, addresses ---- (d) envelope, endorses the cheque and slips it inside ---- (e) a bill ----- (f) she takes ----- (g) the bag and seals ------ (h) envelope.

(a) at (b) and (c) to (d) an (e) with (f) which (g) from (h) the

2. Another hour ---- (a) sweating in basket ball and displaying my tooth pick legs was coming --- (b). Then I remembered my PE shorts were still ---- (c) a bag ---- (d) my desk, ---- (e) I'd forgotten them. I had ----- (f) walk all ---- (g) way back ----- (h) get them.

(a) of (b) up (c) in (d) under (e) where (f) to (g) the (h) and

3. It was hard ----- (a) tell his age ---- (b) his face ---- (c) acts. His hairless innocent face said he was ---- (d) fourteen ---- (e) the smoke and words gushed out from his mouth suggested he was --- (f) seventeen.
(about, but, and, to, beyond, from)

Ans: (a) to (b) from (c) and (d) about (e) but (f) beyond

VI. Editing



= Editing -ന് ലഭിക്കുന്ന പാസേജിൽ കാണുന്ന തെറ്റുകൾ ഡയഗ്രത്തിൽ സൂചിപ്പിച്ചവ ഏതെങ്കിലുമൊക്കെയാകാം. കരുതലോടെ പഠിച്ചാൽ അഞ്ചുമാർക്ക് ലഭിക്കുന്ന ഉറപ്പായ ചോദ്യമാണ്.

Eg:
1. I feels better (SV agreement)
Ans: I feel better
2. Grandfather replied that if she pay the money, it wouldn't be a scholarship jacket (If clause is reported)
Ans: Grandfather replied that if she paid the money, it wouldn't be a scholarship jacket.
3. Principal asked Martha what told her grandfather. (word order in the reported sentence is wrong)
Ans: Principal asked Martha what her grandfather told.
4. The inkstand was pick up. (past participle should be there in a passivised
sentence)
Ans:The inkstand was picked up
5. His last hope of proving him not a theif hit the dust (spelling error)
Ans: Thief
6. Satish had brought a inkstand from culcutta. (article is not properly used)
Ans: Satish had brought an inkstand from calcutta.

Q. Another lovely thought struck me. I would got married to a woman doctor who have (b) plenty of money and a good medical practice. She had to be fat, for a valid reason. If I made some mistake silly (c) and needed to run away, she should not be able to ran after (d) me.

a) would get
b) had
c) silly mistake
d) run after

VII. Patterns of Sentences

1. SV

Mr. Thorat frowned
Nilkanta surprised

2. SVO

The mangoose attacked the snake
Junk collector picked the parcel of shoes

3. SVOO

Kiran offered Nilkanta a surprise gift
The Principal assured Martha the scholarship jacket

4. SVA

Martha cried bitterly
The shooting was taking place near Shiuri
Adichie started writing at the age of seven

5. SVOA

The thief had stolen most of the things
from the room
Nilkanta took the inkstand from the table

6. SVC

Alyakin was cruel
The inkstand is grand

7. SVOC

Martha had her mind deeply pained
Father Gilligan had his body severely tired.

Subject, Verb, Object ഇവ ഏവർക്കും പരിചിതമാണല്ലോ. Adverbial ആയി വന്ന ഉദാഹരണം ശ്രദ്ധിക്കൂ.

Martha cried bitterly
How did Martha cry?
ഇവിടെ Adverb of manner ആണ്.

The shooting was taking place near shiuri
ഇവിടെ where was the shooting taking place എന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിനുള്ള ഉത്തരമാണ് ലഭിക്കുന്നത്.

അതായത് Adverb of place
Adichie started writing at the age of seven
When did Adichie start writing? എന്ന ചോദ്യത്തിനുള്ള ഉത്തരമാണ് at the age of seven. അതായത് adverb of time.

Alyakin was cruel. ഇവിടെ cruel എന്നത് Alyakin എന്ന വ്യക്തിയുടെ വിശേഷണമാണ്. ഇത്തരം വാക്കുകൾ complement വിഭാഗത്തിൽപ്പെടുന്നു. SVC, SVOC എന്നിവയ്ക്ക് ഉദാഹരണങ്ങൾ ശ്രദ്ധിക്കൂ.

എസ്. ലേഖാ ശങ്കർ
ഗ​വ. എ​ച്ച്എ​സ്എ​സ്, പോരുവഴി