apwss_: inhtk\ t\Xmhv _m Xm¡sd A´cn¨p. 86 hbkmbncp¶p. D¨Ignªv 3.33 \mbncp¶p A´yw. lrZbkvXw`\s¯ XpSÀ¶mbncp¶p A´yw. Ipd¨p\mfmbn At±lw NnInÕbnembncp¶p. RmbdmgvN D¨Ignªv aq¶n\mWv kwkvImcw. KpcpXcmhØbnembncp¶ Xm¡sdbpsS Poh³ c£n¡m\pÅ {ia§fpambn tUmÎÀamcpsS kwLw hkXnbmb amtXm{iobn Iym¼v sN¿pIbmbncp¶p. 1926 P\phcn 23\v ]ps\bn P\n¨ _m tIihv Xm¡sd apwss_bn \n¶pw {]kn²oIcn¨ncp¶ "{^o {]kv tPÀWen' ImÀ«qWnÌv Bbn«mWv HutZymKnIPohnXw Bcw`n¨Xv. ]n¶oSv 1960 "aÀanIv' F¶ t]cn kz´w cmjv{Sob hmcnIbpambn cmjv{Sob cwKt¯¡v IS¶ph¶p. kwbpà almcmjv{S aqhvsaâneqsS tZiobXe¯n {it²b\mb ]nXmhnsâ (tIihv koXmdmw Xm¡sd) cmjv{Sob BZÀi§fn {]tNmZnX\mbmWv _m Xm¡sd almcmjv{S hmZhpambn cmjv{Sob¯nte¡v hcp¶Xv.1966 Pq¬ 19\v "inhtk\' cq]oIcn¨p. ]n¶oSv 1980 þIfn adm¯n `mjm ]{Xw "kmav\'bpw lnµn ]{Xw "tZm^À Im kmav\'bpw Bcw`n¨p. Xo{h almcmjv{S hmZhpw lnµpXz APWvSbpapÅ inhtk\bpsS \ne]mSpIÄ ]et¸mgpw Ckvemw aXhnizmknIfS¡apÅ \yq\]£§Ä¡v FXncmbncp¶p. FÂSnSnC tbmSv A\pIqe kao]\w ]peÀ¯nb inhtk\ "hessâ³kv tU' BtLmj§Äs¡Xnsc IÀ¡i \ne]mSmWv kzoIcn¨Xv. inhkt\ DbÀ¯nb adm¯ hmZw _nlmÀ AS¡apÅ D¯tc´y³ sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v almcmjv{Sbn `ojWnbmbncp¶p.cmjv{Sob]cambn I½yqWnÌv hncp² \ne]mSpIÄ ssIs¡mWvS inhtk\ kam\ lnµpXz \b§Ä kzoIcn¡p¶ _nsP]nbpambn ASp¯p. 1995 þ inhtk\þ_nsP]n kJyw almcmjv{Sbn A[nImc¯nse¯n. 1995þ99 hsc \oWvS `cW¯nsâ "dntam«v IWvt{SmÄ' Xm¡sdbpsS ssIbnembncp¶p. 1999 apX 2005 hscbpÅ Bdv hÀjw Ce£\n aÕcn¡p¶Xn \n¶pw thm«v sN¿p¶Xn\pw _m Xm¡sdsb Ce£³ I½oj³ hne¡nbncp¶p. 1996 Xm¡sd¡v \jvS§fpsS hÀjambncp¶p. G{]n 20\v aq¯ ]p{X³ _nµpam[hv (_nµ) Xm¡sd hml\m]IS¯n acn¨p. sk]väw_dn lrZbmLmXs¯ XpSÀ¶v `mcy ao\bpw acW¯n\v IogS§n. <_n{µsb IqSmsX inhtk\bn kPohamb D²hv Xm¡sd, PbvtZhv Xm¡sd F¶o cWvSv a¡Ä IqSn Xm¡sdbv¡pWvSv. Xm¡sdbpsS BtcmKy\ne hjfmbXdnªv Bbnc¡W¡n\v ]mÀ«n {]hÀ¯Icmbncp¶p _m{µbnse At±l¯nsâ hkXn¡v ap¶n XSn¨pIqSnbncp¶Xv. ]mÀ«n A\pbmbnIÄ A{Ia¯nte¡v Xncnbptamsb¶ Bi¦bn I\¯ kpc£bmWv hnhn[bnS§fn GÀs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv.